ATI RN COMPREHENSIVE EXAM B FOCUSED REVIEW

Above the knee amputation: • Assist patient to prone position every 4 hours • Wrap limb in distal to proximal direction • Do not elevate after 48hrs to prevent flexion contractures • Aphasia • Limits ability to communicate • Does not affect swallowing and eating • May occur suddenly after stroke ,head injury or develop slowly from a growing tumour or disease • Radiation therapy: • Can wash irradiated area with mild soap and water • Avoid applying lotion to irradiated area • Diarrhea is an expected side effect Oxygen therapy: • Apply a water based lubricant to nares as needed • Wear cotton clothes during oxygen therapy because do not cause static electricity • Check oxygen equipment daily for proper functioning Stages of change: • First educate staff members about problem • Develop goals, encourage staff input, and do a trial run of new system or change • Other stages of change ; • Precontemplation –not yet considering change or unwilling to change • Contemplation-sees the possibility of change but is uncertain • Determination- commited to changing still considering what to do • Action-Taking step toward change but has not stabilized in the process • Maintenance- Has achieved the goals and is working to maintain change • Recurrence-experience a recurrence of symtoms cope with consequence to determine what to do next. Severe preeclampsia: • Blurred vision • Facial edema • Proteinuria TB Will take medications for 6 months • Diet should consist of good amount of iron, protein, and calories • No mask needed while in public Glomerulonephritis: • Proteinuria • Decreased GFR • Causes increased nitrates in the blood (not urine) Newborn apnea monitoring: • Remove leads when not monitoring • Avoid co-sleeping with baby • Do not adjust monitor • Make sure alarms can be heard throughout the house • Keep monitor outside of the crib Newborn cold stress: • Axillary temp under 36.5 (97.5) Uric acid calculi diet: • Oranges and other citric fruits • Avoid chicken and organ meats • Avoid alcohol Opioids: • Can cause urinary retention • Decrease in vision at night due to constriction of pupils (miosis) • Constipation Heparin: • Normal aPTT is 40 seconds • Therapeutic dose can increase aPTT to 60-80 seconds • Elevated aPTT- hold heparin Anemia: • Low hgb • Low hct • Dyspnea on exertion • Decreased exercise tolerance Oxygen toxicity: • Bradypnea- RR decreases because body perceives it has enough oxygen Misoprostol: • Reduces gastric acid secretions so ulcers can heal • Take pregnancy test prior to starting med (can cause uterine contractions) Prevention of pressure ulcers: • remind patient to shift weight in chair every 15 mins • place client in 30 degree lateral position to minimize pressure on sacral area • Avoid massaging bony prominences PICC lines: • Use alcohol to cleanse port • Prior to first use, confirm tip placement with a chest x-ray • flush with heparin after administering medications Blood glucose monitoring: • Use side of finger tip • wipe away first drop of blood • wash hands with soap and water prior to testing Newborn signs of effective breastfeeding: • Measuring wet diapers is adequate way of measuring input • 6-8 wet diapers a day is adequate • 15-3g/day weight gain after day 5 .................................................................................................CONTINUE