Chapter 07: Drugs for Allergy and Respiratory Problems Visovsky: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology, 9th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which statement regarding the action of decongestants is true? a. Decongestants act by decreasing inflammation within the respiratory tract. b. Decongestants must be used cautiously as they can induce asthma attacks. c. Decongestants act primarily to reduce symptoms associated with allergy. d. Decongestants act by reducing the immune response of lymphocytes. ANS: C Decongestants are a class of drugs that are used to control the symptoms associated with allergy. They have no anti-inflammatory action. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 112 2. A patient with allergies has been prescribed an antihistamine. Which response by the patient demonstrates understanding of the action of antihistamine drugs? a. “Antihistamines act by increasing the production of acetylcholine” b. “Antihistamines act by blocking histamine receptors in tissues” c. “Antihistamines act by increasing dilation of blood vessels” d. “Antihistamines act by blocking the release of histamine” ANS: B Antihistamines do not block the release of histamine, but rather, block histamine receptors in target tissues which in turn limit the blood vessel vasodilation, capillary leak, swelling, and bronchoconstriction. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 107 3. An older adult patient with glaucoma reports taking an antihistamine for allergy symptoms. What adverse effect of antihistamines would you alert this patient about? a. Ototoxicity b. Ocular “floaters” c. Excessive tearing d. Increased intraocular pressure ANS: D A rising intraocular pressure (pressure inside the eye) in patients with glaucoma can worsen the disease and could cause blindness. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 110 4. Which statement would be true in teaching a patient with hypertension about taking antihistamines? a. Antihistamines need to be taken 2 h apart. b. Antihistamines can cause the blood pressure to rise. c. Antihistamines can cause a slowing of the pulse rate. d. Antihistamines must be taken at the same time as antihypertensives. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :14:04 GMT -06:00 ANS: B A rise in blood pressure is an adverse action of antihistamines. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 110 5. What is a common side effect of inhaled anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma? a. Anemia b. Bronchoconstriction c. Cutaneous itching d. Dry mouth ANS: D Anti-inflammatory drugs reduce inflammation and dry all mucous membranes including those in the mouth and throat. They would reduce any cutaneous (skin) itching. They do not work on bronchial smooth muscles or the bone marrow (which produces red blood cells). DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 110 6. Which type of asthma problem is helped most directly by anti-inflammatory drugs? a. Thick mucus b. Mucosal swelling c. Bronchoconstriction d. Large, flabby alveoli ANS: B Anti-inflammatory drugs reduce inflammation and do not help bronchoconstriction. They directly inhibit mucosal swelling and, thus indirectly, reduce mucosal production of mucus. They do not affect mucous that has already formed. Flabby alveoli are not caused by inflammation. DIF: Cognitive