AP Chem 14 Chemical Kinetics questions and answers 2022

AP Chem 14 Chemical Kinetics questions and answers 2022chemical kinetics area of chemistry concerned with the rates of reactions factors affecting reaction rates physical state of reactants, concentrations of reactants, temperature at which the reaction occurs, presence of a catalyst enzyme protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst reaction rate change in the concentration of reactants or products per unit time M/s units for reaction rate average rate of appearance of B [B]f-[B]i ________ tf-ti average rate of disappearance of A - [A]f - [A]i --------------- tf - ti instantaneous rate rate at a particular moment in the reaction initial rate rate at t=0 rate law when aA + bB -- cC + dD then Rate=k [A]^(m) [B]^(n) rate constant constant k in rate law; magnitude changes with temperature units of k M^(-1) s^(-1) when rate is second order overall reaction orders exponents m and n in a rate law, must be determined experimentally overall reaction order sum of the orders with respect to each reactant in the rate law units of rate constant depend on overall reaction order of the rate law; equal to units of rate divided by units of concentration zero order changing concentration of reactant has no effect on rate first order changing concentration of reactant produces proportional changes in the rate second order doubling concentration causes the reaction to increase by a factor of 2^2=4 first-order reaction reaction whose rate depends on the concentration of a single reactant raised to the first power differential rate law form of a rate law which expresses how rate depends on concentration first-order integrated rate law ln[A]t-ln[A]0 = -kt, when units of [A] are the same first-order reactions yield a straight line when graphed with natural logarith second-order reaction reaction whose rate depends on the reactant concentration raised to the second power or on the concentrations or two different reactants, each raised to the first power second-order integrated rate law 1/[A]t = kt + 1/[A]0 when just one reactant and Rate = k[A]^2 first-order graph -k is slope (graph of natural log of) second-order reactions yield a straight line when 1/[A]t is graphed second-order graph k is slope (graph)