Psychology Test 6 with Complete Solutions

Maturation refers to - ANSWER biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience. The brain's development of increasingly complex neural networks during infancy is made possible by the formation of billions of new - ANSWER synapses. Our earliest conscious memories seldom predate our third birthday. This best illustrates - ANSWER infantile amnesia Piaget was convinced that the mind of a child - ANSWER develops through a series of stages. According to Piaget, schemas are - ANSWER people's conceptual framework for understanding their experiences. Incorporating new information into existing theories is to _______ as modifying existing theories in light of new information is to _______. - ANSWER assimilation; accommodation Which of the following is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? - ANSWER sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational When Tommy's mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly near the beginning of Piaget's ________ stage. - ANSWER sensorimotor If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to - ANSWER recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape. According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to - ANSWER the difficulty of perceiving things from another person's point of view. Ideas about one's own and others' feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, along with the behaviors these might predict, are said to constitute - ANSWER a theory of mind According to Piaget, children come to understand that the volume of a substance remains constant despite changes in its shape during the _______ stage. - ANSWER concrete operational Preschoolers are not completely egocentric, and they can exhibit some understanding of conservation. This indicates that Piaget may have underestimated the - ANSWER continuity of cognitive development. Based on a fraudulent 1998 study, some parents were misled into thinking that the childhood MMR vaccine increased the risk of - ANSWER autism spectrum disorder. When people with autism spectrum disorder watch another person's hand movements, they display less-than-normal signs of - ANSWER mirroring activity Little Karen will approach and play with unfamiliar animals only if her mother first reassures her that it is safe to do so. This best illustrates the adaptive value of - ANSWER attachment Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with - ANSWER body contact A critical period is a phase during which - ANSWER exposure to certain experiences is needed for proper development. A mother who is slow in responding to her infant's cries of distress is most likely to encourage - ANSWER insecure attachment Evidence that easy, relaxed infants develop secure attachments more readily than difficult, emotionally intense babies would illustrate the importance of - ANSWER temperament Children who have survived severe or prolonged physical abuse are at increased risk for - ANSWER all of these conditions Adolescents begin to use abstract reasoning skills when they achieve the intellectual summit that Piaget called - ANSWER formal operations. According to Kohlberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of concrete rewards represents ______ morality. - ANSWER preconventional Juanita suffers from a painful back condition. Smoking marijuana would reduce her pain, but she thinks it would be wrong because it prohibited by the laws of her state. Juanita is demonstrating Kohlberg's ________ level of morality. - ANSWER conventional The corrupt behavior of many ordinary people who served as Nazi concentration camp guards best illustrates that immorality often results from - ANSWER social influence. Walter Mischel gave preschoolers a choice between one marshmallow now and two marshmallows when he returned a few minutes later. Children who chose to wait for two marshmallows demonstrated - ANSWER delay of gratification. According to Erikson, teens who suffer role confusion have not yet - ANSWER solidified a sense of identity. An awareness of distinctive status as an international student in a university far from your homeland best illustrates a sense of - ANSWER social identity Young teens are not fully equipped for curbing risky behavior or making long-term plans because of the incomplete maturation of their - ANSWER frontal lobes. According to Erikson, trust is to infancy as identity is to - ANSWER adolescence Personality is best defined as an individual's - ANSWER characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. Psychodynamic theorists emphasize the importance of - ANSWER unconscious mental processes.