HESI A2 Module (2022/2023) SECTION I - READING COMPREHENSION

SET 1 Directions: The following questions are based on a number of reading passages. Each passage is followedby a series of questions. Read each passage carefully, and then answer the questions based on it. You mayreread the passage as often as you wish. When you have finished answering the questions based on one passage, go right on to the next passage. Choose the best answer based on the information given and implied.Questions 1 – 4 refer to the following passage. Passage 1 Infectious Disease An infectious disease is a clinically evident illness resulting from the presence of pathogenic agents, such asviruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multi-cellular parasites, and unusual proteins known as prions. Infectious pathologies are also called communicable diseases or transmissible diseases, due to their potential of transmission from one person or species to another by a replicating agent (as opposed to a toxin). Transmission of an infectious disease can occur in many different ways. Physical contact, liquids, food,body fluids, contaminated objects, and airborne inhalation can all transmit infecting Agents. Transmissible diseases that occur through contact with an ill person, or objects touched bythem, areespecially infective, and are sometimes referred to as contagious diseases. Communicable diseases that require a more specialized route of infection, such as through blood or needletransmission, or sexual transmission, are usually not regarded as contagious. The term infectivity describes the ability of an organism to enter, survive and multiply in the host, while the infectiousness of a disease indicates the comparative ease with which the disease is transmitted. An infection however, is not synonymous with an infectious disease, asan infection may not cause important clinical symptoms. 1. What can we infer from the first paragraph in this passage? a. Sickness from a toxin can be easily transmitted from one person to another. b. Sickness from an infectious disease can be easily transmitted from one person to another. c. Few sicknesses are transmitted from one person to another. d. Infectious diseases are easily treated. B We can infer from this passage that sickness from an infectious disease can be easilytransmitted from one person to another. From the passage, “Infectious pathologies are also called communicable diseases or transmissiblediseases, due to their potential of transmission from one person or species toanother by a replicatingagent (as opposed to a toxin).” 2. What are two other names for infections’ pathologies? a. Communicable diseases or transmissible diseases b. Communicable diseases or terminal diseases c. Transmissible diseases or preventable diseases d. Communicative diseases or unstable diseases A Two other names for infectious pathologies are communicable diseases and transmissiblediseases. From the passage, “Infectious pathologies are also called communicable diseases or transmissiblediseases, due to their potential of transmission from one person or species toanother by a replicatingagent (as opposed to a toxin).” 3. What does infectivity describe? a. The inability of an organism to multiply in the host b. The inability of an organism to reproduce c. The ability of an organism to enter, survive and multiply in the host d. The ability of an organism to reproduce in the host C Infectivity describes the ability of an organism to enter, survive and multiply in the host. This istaken directly from the passage, and is a definition type question. Definition type questions can be answered quickly and easily by scanning the passage for thewordyou are asked to define. “Infectivity” is an unusual word, so it is quick and easy to scan the passage looking for thisword. 4. How do we know an infection is not synonymous with an infectious disease? a. Because an infectious disease destroys infections with enough time. b. Because an infection may not cause important clinical symptoms or impair host function. c. We do not. The two are synonymous. d. Because an infection is too fatal to be an infectious disease. B We know an infection is not synonymous with an infectious disease because an infection maynotcause important clinical symptoms or impair host function. ......................................................................................................CONTINUE