Work & Organizational Psychology
Course Manual Work and Organizational Psychology 2021-2022
Lectures
Week 1: Studying behavior in organizations
Week 2: Individual differences and staffing decisions
Week 3: Performance management
Week 4: Training and development
Week 5: Motivation to work
Week 6: Emotions at work
Week 7: Stress and worker well-being
Week 8: Justice and diversity.
Week 9: Leadership.
Week 10: Teams in organizations.
Appendix
Template
, Lectures
Week 1: Studying behavior in organizations
Organizational psychology A part of social psychology
- Solving problems in the workplace
- People In relation to their work
History - Cattell
- Munsterberg
- WOI
Hawthorne effect A change in behavior due or attitudes that was the simple result of increased
attention
- Light has an impact on productivity
- Production stayed at the high level even after the light was turned
on again
- “Measurement is an intervention in itself”
Human relation movement = people started to see other people as humans and not a cog in the machine
- Theories of motivation
- Emotional wellbeing
- Job satisfaction
Working from home - Saves time, space, and energy
- Mixed results for performance
- Mixed on wellbeing
- Individual differences
We are social animals
- The elephant would be dead
- The weakest link loses most cause they benefit from the group most
What motivates most? = Progress
Progress principle: people are driven to make progress
- We want to challenge ourselves
Employee fundamental 1. Progress
needs 2. Autonomy (self-direction)
- A function of growth, can't grow without mistakes
3. Relatedness
- We want to be part of something, being together
Working from home
Results of WFH Productivity: gone up for some down for others
Physical health: better for some worse for others
Engagement: gone up for some down for others
Who suffers most - Young children
- Extraverts
- Singles
- Young employees
, - Problems at home
Conflicting needs Autonomy vs progress & relatedness
Working from home - We are group of animals
- We need progress autonomy and relatedness
- WFH has a different impact on the above fro different groups
- Invidualsolutoins does not work for the collective problem
- Like a herd, an organization should be built around the weakest
- So the need for growth and relatedness of those in need should
come first
Culture
Multicultural & Culture: system in which individuals share meaning & common ways of
cross-cultural issues viewing events & objects
Levels of culture -Depending on your culture
you solve problems
differently
Theory of cultural influences Five dimensions of Hofstede Theory of Culture
(Hofstede) - Individualism/Collectivism
- How do we define ourselves?
- Power distance
- Powerful members accepted or expect an unequal
distribution of power
- Ex. people in power do different things
- Uncertainty avoidance
- Extent people feel comfortable in an unstructured situation
- Masculinity/femininity
- Distribution of emotional roles between gender
- Long-term vs short term orientation
- The extent to which members of culture expect immediate
vs delayed gratification of their material social and
emotional needs
Collectivism = correlated with GDP
Age
- Europe & US are rich and old
, Video Lecture: Methods & Statistics (Chapter 2)
Research designs 1. Experimental (assignment into different conditions)
2. Non experimental (no conditions, questionnaire)
3. Quasi-experiment (naturally occurring conditions)
Descriptive statistics Central tendency: mean median mode
Variability: sd, spread
Skewness: are most scores on the left or the right? Negative vs positive
skew
Statistical Significance = Testing your hypotheses
- Correlation coefficient: p-value
- Relationship between two variables
Reliability = constant, consistent, results
Validity = results reflect your intention (latent variable)
- Does it measure what you want to measure
Week 2: Individual differences & staffing decisions
Video Lecture: Individual Differences (Chapter 3)
Individual differences Similarities between or among 2 or more people
- Differential psychology & psychometrics
Varieties 1. Cognitive ability
2. Physical ability
3. Personality
4. Interests
5. Knowledge
6. Emotion
Assumptions ● Attributes are relatively stable in adults
● People differ with respect to attributes
● Differences remain after training
● Different jobs require different attributes
● Attributes can be measured (KSAO’s)
○ Knowledge, skills, other
Fleishman’s Taxonomy Giving words to concepts
- Cognitive abilities
- Physical abilities
- Perceptual-motor abilities
Definitional issues in IQ - Mental age does not exist, mental abilities are pretty stable in adults
- Knowledge increase
- IQ: ability to learn
Carroll's Hierarchical Fluid & crystallized intelligence tend to correlate
model - Also general memory & visual perception
Course Manual Work and Organizational Psychology 2021-2022
Lectures
Week 1: Studying behavior in organizations
Week 2: Individual differences and staffing decisions
Week 3: Performance management
Week 4: Training and development
Week 5: Motivation to work
Week 6: Emotions at work
Week 7: Stress and worker well-being
Week 8: Justice and diversity.
Week 9: Leadership.
Week 10: Teams in organizations.
Appendix
Template
, Lectures
Week 1: Studying behavior in organizations
Organizational psychology A part of social psychology
- Solving problems in the workplace
- People In relation to their work
History - Cattell
- Munsterberg
- WOI
Hawthorne effect A change in behavior due or attitudes that was the simple result of increased
attention
- Light has an impact on productivity
- Production stayed at the high level even after the light was turned
on again
- “Measurement is an intervention in itself”
Human relation movement = people started to see other people as humans and not a cog in the machine
- Theories of motivation
- Emotional wellbeing
- Job satisfaction
Working from home - Saves time, space, and energy
- Mixed results for performance
- Mixed on wellbeing
- Individual differences
We are social animals
- The elephant would be dead
- The weakest link loses most cause they benefit from the group most
What motivates most? = Progress
Progress principle: people are driven to make progress
- We want to challenge ourselves
Employee fundamental 1. Progress
needs 2. Autonomy (self-direction)
- A function of growth, can't grow without mistakes
3. Relatedness
- We want to be part of something, being together
Working from home
Results of WFH Productivity: gone up for some down for others
Physical health: better for some worse for others
Engagement: gone up for some down for others
Who suffers most - Young children
- Extraverts
- Singles
- Young employees
, - Problems at home
Conflicting needs Autonomy vs progress & relatedness
Working from home - We are group of animals
- We need progress autonomy and relatedness
- WFH has a different impact on the above fro different groups
- Invidualsolutoins does not work for the collective problem
- Like a herd, an organization should be built around the weakest
- So the need for growth and relatedness of those in need should
come first
Culture
Multicultural & Culture: system in which individuals share meaning & common ways of
cross-cultural issues viewing events & objects
Levels of culture -Depending on your culture
you solve problems
differently
Theory of cultural influences Five dimensions of Hofstede Theory of Culture
(Hofstede) - Individualism/Collectivism
- How do we define ourselves?
- Power distance
- Powerful members accepted or expect an unequal
distribution of power
- Ex. people in power do different things
- Uncertainty avoidance
- Extent people feel comfortable in an unstructured situation
- Masculinity/femininity
- Distribution of emotional roles between gender
- Long-term vs short term orientation
- The extent to which members of culture expect immediate
vs delayed gratification of their material social and
emotional needs
Collectivism = correlated with GDP
Age
- Europe & US are rich and old
, Video Lecture: Methods & Statistics (Chapter 2)
Research designs 1. Experimental (assignment into different conditions)
2. Non experimental (no conditions, questionnaire)
3. Quasi-experiment (naturally occurring conditions)
Descriptive statistics Central tendency: mean median mode
Variability: sd, spread
Skewness: are most scores on the left or the right? Negative vs positive
skew
Statistical Significance = Testing your hypotheses
- Correlation coefficient: p-value
- Relationship between two variables
Reliability = constant, consistent, results
Validity = results reflect your intention (latent variable)
- Does it measure what you want to measure
Week 2: Individual differences & staffing decisions
Video Lecture: Individual Differences (Chapter 3)
Individual differences Similarities between or among 2 or more people
- Differential psychology & psychometrics
Varieties 1. Cognitive ability
2. Physical ability
3. Personality
4. Interests
5. Knowledge
6. Emotion
Assumptions ● Attributes are relatively stable in adults
● People differ with respect to attributes
● Differences remain after training
● Different jobs require different attributes
● Attributes can be measured (KSAO’s)
○ Knowledge, skills, other
Fleishman’s Taxonomy Giving words to concepts
- Cognitive abilities
- Physical abilities
- Perceptual-motor abilities
Definitional issues in IQ - Mental age does not exist, mental abilities are pretty stable in adults
- Knowledge increase
- IQ: ability to learn
Carroll's Hierarchical Fluid & crystallized intelligence tend to correlate
model - Also general memory & visual perception
