Comprehensive HESI Review Exit Test Bank 2022/2023 (Over 2000 Questions and Answers)

Comprehensive HESI Review Exit Test Bank 2022/2023 (Over 2000 Questions and Answers) Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) The exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide in the lungs is inadequate for oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production within the body's cells Characteristics of ARDS Hypoxemia that persists even when 100% oxygen is given; decreased pulmonary compliance; dyspnea; non-cardiac associated bilateral pulmonary edema; dense pulmonary infiltrates on X-ray ARDS No abnormal breath sounds are present in this disorder on auscultation because the edema occurs first in the interstitial spaces and not the airways. ARDS Unexpected, catastrophic pulmonary complication occurring in a person with no pervious pulmonary problems. ARDS Common laboratory finding is a lowered pO2; not responsive to high concentrations of oxygen and often need intubation and mechanical ventilation with PEEP PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure The instillation and maintenance of small amounts of air into the alveolar sacs to prevent then from collapsing each time the client exhales; amount of pressure can be set and is usually around 5-10cm of water Nursing Assessment of ARDS Dyspnea, hyperpnea; intercostals retractions; cyanosis, pallor; hypoxemia; diffuse pulmonary infiltrates seen on chest radiograph as "white-out" appearance; verbalized anxiety, restlessness Hypoxemia PO2 50mmHg with FiO2 60% Common causes of respiratory failure COPD; pneumonia; tuberculosis; contusion; aspiration; inhaled toxins' emboli; drug OD; fluid overload; DIC; shock Suction When providing care to a patient with ARDS, only do this when secretions are present 7.35-7.45 PH normal value 35-45 mmH PCO2 normal value 22-26 mEq HCO3 normal value 80-100mm PO2 normal value 95-100%