TESTBANK FOR BIOCHEMISTRY year 2022

TESTBANK FOR BIOCHEMISTRY year 2022 Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life Matching Questions Use the following to answer questions 1–10: Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. a) uracil b) cytoplasm c) protein d) thymine e) carbohydrate f) sugar–phosphate units g) cell wall h) transcription i) glycogen j) lipid k) central dogma l) phagocytosis m) endoplasmic reticulum n) translation o) prokaryotes p) eukaryotes q) lysosome 1. DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine, and ____________. 2. ____________: Unbranched polymer that, when folded into its threedimensional shape, performs much of the work of the cell. Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life 3. ____________: Scheme that describes the flow of information from one strand of DNA to a new strand of DNA. 4. ____________: Process where large amounts of material are taken into the cell. 5. The transfer of information from DNA to RNA is called ____________. 6. ____________ are cells that are composed of multiple specialized compartments. 7. ____________: Class of biological macromolecules with many functions, such as forming barriers between cell organelles, serving as a metabolic fuel, and cell-to-cell signaling. 8. ____________: Highly organized region of the cell where glycolytic metabolism occurs. 9. ____________: Responsible for protein processing and xenobiotic metabolism. 10.. ____________: Filled with proteases and other digestive enzymes. Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 2 Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life 11. Organisms are known to be highly uniform at the level. Ans: molecular Section: Introduction 12. After hydrogen and oxygen, the next most common element in living systems is . 13. A chemical that can dissolve in water is said to be . 14. A nucleotide consists of one or more groups, a 5-carbon ribose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring group. 15. The most common carbohydrate fuel is . 16. Heritable information is packaged into discrete units called . 17. A group of enzymes called catalyze replication. 18. Although all cells in an organism have the same DNA, tissues differ due to selective . 19. The basic unit of life is considered the . 20. Secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release material outside of the cell via . Multiple-Choice Questions 22. In higher organisms, which of the following is composed of a polymer with double-stranded phosphodiester-linked monomers? A) RNA B) DNA C) protein D) carbohydrate 3 21. The structure of DNA described by Watson and Crick included: A) a double helix. B) the sugar–phosphate backbone aligned in the center of the helix. C) the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix. D) A and B. E) A and C. Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life E) None of the above. 23. What gives proteins such a dominant role in biochemistry? A) the variation in protein sizes B) the ability to act as a blueprint C) their ability to self-replicate D) their ability to spontaneously fold into complex three-dimensional structures E) All of the above. 24. Proteins are chiefly composed of which of the following? A) carbohydrate and amino acids B) long unbranched amino acid polymers C) peptide bonds formed between lipid moieties D) aggregated amino acids E) A and B Section 1.3 25. How a protein folds is determined by: A) whether the environment is hydrophobic or hydrophilic. B) the location in the cell in which the protein is located. C) the pH of the cytoplasm. D) the order of the amino acids found in the sequence. E) All of the above