NURSING BS C787 C787 Module 3 Study Guide

How much of the total healthcare expenditures is spent on preventative approaches to preventable disease? 3% Define and provide examples of prevention strategies: Primary: encourage health-enhancing behaviors by giving individuals, families, and communities ways to reduce risk factors associated with disease and injury. Ex: nutrition and weight management classes in a community center for adults, environmental changes to provide nutritious choices in a school cafeteria vending machine, and Fruits and Veggies Matter campaigns to increase the availability of fresh fruits and vegetables from farmers’ markets. Primary prevention strategies seek to expand the positive potential of health Secondary: includes risk appraisal and screening to emphasize early detection/diagnosis of disease. Begins at the point where the pathology of a disease may occur. It encompasses diagnostic services that include screening, surveillance, and clinical examinations. One model for secondary prevention involving screening is a cholesterol screening program for early detection of cardiovascular problems, such as elevated blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol, and high glucose levels. Strategies are aimed at self-care for people with chronic diseases. Ex: an education and awareness program to teach a woman with a history of gestational diabetes how to control her weight through diet and exercise Tertiary: involves treatment and rehabilitation and is defined as the reduction in the amount of disability caused by a disease to achieve the highest level of function. Tertiary factors include diabetes, kidney disease, and angina. The goal is the prevention of further disability and any secondary conditions that might result from the initial health problem. Ex: medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for people suffering from kidney disease, nutrition education about vitamin and mineral supplementation and feeding strategies to prevent further complications of wasting from HIV/AIDS, and cardiac rehabilitation through diet, exercise, and stress management. The ultimate goal is, through rehabilitation, to restore the individual to an “optimal” level of functioning, given the constraints of the disease. What are some factors that contribute to overweight and obesity (modifiable and non-modifiable)?