UWorld Fundamentals Questions And Answers 2022/2023

How to prevent pressure ulcers? - Answer - 1. Apply moisture barrier cream to dry skin 2. Clean perineal area after incontinent episodes 3. Place foam-padded cushions on chairs 4. Reposition Q2 5. Lift NOT pull 6. Assess risk for pressure ulcer 1x/day What should NOT be used for pressure ulcers? - Answer - 1. Donut-type devices 2. Synthetic sheepskin Pain scale used for nonverbal patients - Answer - Wong-Baker face scale Teaching for home oxygen use - Answer - 1. Use water-based lubricant not oil-based (Vaseline) 2. Keep 5-10 ft from last stove 3. Do not use nail polish/remover 4. Replace synthetic material (wool) for cotton How should patient with percutaneous liver biopsy be placed? - Answer - Right lateral for at least 3 hours How should patient after cardiac catheterization be placed? - Answer - Supine or low Fowler's for 4-6 hours to prevent hematoma formation Position for soap-suds enema - Answer - Left lateral sims Position after lumbar puncture - Answer - Supine 4-12 hours How often are peripheral sites changes? - Answer - No more than every 72-96 hours unless complications arise What should you do is patient has swelling at IV site? - Answer - 1. Discontinue med 2. Start IV in other extremity 3. Elevate affected extremity 4. Apply cool/hot moist compress When do you not apply hot compress to IV site? - Answer - Extravasation (leaking vesicant) What blood products do Jehovah's Witnesses accept/refuse? - Answer - Refuse: WBC, RBC, Platelets, Plasma Accept: Epoetin alfa, NS, iron Considerations for older adults and IV therapy - Answer - 1. Risk for hypervolemia from cardiac/renal changes 2. More fragile veins risking infiltration (monitor veins Q1-2 hours) 3. Use nonporous tape and skin protectants 4. Use 5-15 angle because superficial veins 5. Small gauge (24-26) Nursing considerations for blind patient - Answ