All lectures of MOD1 + MOOC transplantation lectures (in English)

HCOZ :
Introduction TO The immune System



immune
System
-
(An
Identity Threat ( NO elimination of self )

it builds
-



A
Memory



firsi Protection → barrier,


PHYSICAL : Shin HAIR nails mucosa
-




,
, ,
° "

Aniimicrobial ten.rs/salivA
→ VA INA
Chemical : Substances epiihelium , lysozyme in acid
-




,




immune
System
-




protein in blood


leukocyies
-




for
cytokines → secreied Communication
-




↳
interleuhins Cheindsines interferon S
, ,




INNATE → f- AST non specific , no improvement, no
Memory
-



,


ys

Adaptive → slow , highly specific , improves with Tine
, Memory



INNATE

-

effector Mechanism → eliminatie
pathogeen ( by leukocyten & plasma protein )

cells
important phagocyies
-

→




granulocyten → firsi Arrive
-

TO




of
helpt the lenhrocyies
-




complement =
System plasma protein

→
labels the
pathogeen




vhyeloid cells


binding
-




eating
-




secreting cytokines
-




Adaptive
W W W →
Wa Wa Wa
W w µ
.
W W
→
Wa
T
B cells & cells dendriiic cells
T
macrophages
-



And +



MHC is used
Antigen b APC
-


TO
present

TCR only Tcell BCR Also Aniibody
-



on AS
,



Aften clonal
STAY behind
few cells
-




expansion A


↳ Formation
Memory




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, lymph organs

Thymus → T cells edncrtted
-




-

bone Marrow →
TIB cells made


lymph nodes →
hubs for immune cells
-




inflammrttion


goals
-




-

eliminatie G- use


-




Clearing Oui necrotic cells


Tissue other cells
Repair
( easily
-


can enter more

Cytokines
histamine
first Cells
macrophage Coll ↑ VASCUIAR
pervneabiliiy
signalling
→
-
: + MAST → serotonine
,




mobilize
Systemic Cytokines immune
System




↳ =
fever




HCO} :
mechanismes of innate
immunity


And Adaptive work
INNATE
immunity Together
↳ induce inf / Animation cells molecules of of infection / Tissue
brings And immune
damage
→

System to site




innate immune
System
-


bio -
Mechanical barrier

-

skin

MUCOSA
-




-

soluble protein

-



Anti -
microbi.nl pepíides

Complement
-




cytokines / cheinohines
-




Acute Phase proieins
-




-

cells


grannlocyìes
-




Macrophages
-




different innate defense Mechanism for different Infectious




↳ firsi Cytokines

, complement
-


Cascade of soluble protiens And ( ell -
bound receptor And inhibitors


mainly present in serum
-




-




producen by Variety
of cell
Types
→ mist
b hepatocyies
-

function

hill

pn-i-hogens-opsoniZAT.vn
-




ACTIVATES Adaptive immunity
-




ACÏNATIOV Of complement

-
CLASSICAL

-


immune complexe And APOPTOTIC cells

(
1g
-




-
leciin

(
Arbohydrties And
IgA
-




-

MBL

-

Alternative

bn-cieri.nl surfaces LPS
And
IgA
-




-

↳ H2O



→ AII ACTIVATE (3
eventually → After The same Mechanism

(3 Splits in



-
( 3A → cheMOTAX.is


-
(3b →
OPSONISATION

Terminal PATHWAY = ( Sb 9-
( MAC) →
lysis
of ( Sb (3
clen-vn.ge Cs into ↳ ( ONVERTASE
-
-




-
( Sb binds (6 (7 (8 And multiple copies of (9
, ,


↳ forms Which
A
pore ,
Causes A cell To become leahy →
lysis




many complement inhibitors


ATTACK het / cells
STOPS spontane ons complement ACTIUATION And
Ing 0Wh
Thy
-




deficient of Clinical
juist Presentation
-


one →




effect or Mechanism of complement

-
ACTIVATIOVI Of in HAMMATIONS


( Csa ( Sa) Huid
-




Anaphylatoxins And →
incren.se vasculair permertbiliìy →
leakage And monocyteneutrophil Migration



of microbe
b phagocyies
recognition
-




(3b
opsonization b
-




-



lysis → membrane ATTACK complex ( MAC )




ij

, innaie immune cells


one cell →
receptor
many
-




Adaptive immune cells
fit Aciivaied


cells one Receptor
many
-

→




of
stages innate immune Response

1 Recognition of Infectious or
damage
( PRR)
b
→
PATTERN Recognition receptor Activiteit


Molecular (
pathogeen Associated PAMPS ) e.
SUGARS
-



Patterns 9
-
.




-




damage -
Associated Molecular Patterns ( DAMPS) e.
g. host
FACTORS

2 Recruitment of cells And Soluble FACTORS

-



Neutrophils into Tissue → (FA -
1 And ICAM -
1



3 elimination of microbe

>
phagocytosis
-




gene Transcription
→
cytokine Production
-




different
many ,


7

with different function

↳ flammarion
Togethercause in


4 Resolution of inflammation

-



b macrophages ,
fibroblasis And Angiogenese's
( if
5 induction of Adaptive immunity necessary )

dendriiic cells T cells
present Antigen
-

To -




^

NATURAL Killer cells

ACTIVATION
b interferon response ( IFN o IFN p)
-
- -




,




-

function

till directly ( virus Infected cells)
-




]
source of
cytokines
-




Aniibody dependant
Cytotoxicity
→ enhttnce Adaptive immune Response
-




HCOU :
B- And T -
cell
generation And
diversity



lymphocyies =
B- And T cells

↳ MOST Abundant in blood


B- And T cells have
Antigen specificity
-




↳ different
diversity is made
by combinatie.us of
segment>

-

7 light Chain locus K
light Chain locus heavy -
Chain locus
, ,


% , ]
↳ v. is
, ]
\>
v-ntsin.be joining rsity



V ( D) is random / Combined combinaties
]
→
SO
-




, , y many ,
Receptor


BCR Alternative TM-nsmembr.me
:
splicing → or secreten IgM



B- cell development ( in bone MARROW )




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