PART2 Summary Brain & Cognition 3: Cognitive Neuroscience

üHinggoatairectedactions:planning&qltoingL_
Achieving your goal goal planning :


☐
plan of action
•
3 Components
↳ aevelop
subgoals
↳ antivirale consequences
↳ identity requirements to achieve goaes

go als are hierarchie al !
→




☐ Hierarchie al Organizations of pre frontal Cortex :3 axes
•
ventral -

dorsal PFC
↳ ventral : maintenon ce
↳ dorsal
manipulation
:



•
lateral -



medial PFC
↳ lateral :
ervironmert Kontext
↳ medialpersonal / self Oriented :



•
anterior posterior PFC
-




↳ posterior more Concrete :



↳
anterior :
more abstract
•
uniquely human lateral frontal pole
☐ Hier
archy Of Abstraction
increasingey abstract ruees
•




Stimuli
A) response task :
if red , press left

rule :




B) feature task if red then took out :
,

for the triangle If Present Press left
' '

.
,




c) dimension task if red , then Check the :



Snape of the 2 Stimuli If they Match , .




then press left ! If blue then Check the
'
,
Sin of the 2 Stimuli . . .
etc .




D) dimension task
'
'
II : on the Odd task block nun bes ,
do task ( with red -




Snape &
'
blue
'
even blocks the reverse
Site i on
-




→ in the brain :
increasingey anterior
representation it rule are increasingey abstract EH


.NL/paliertsnaueincreasingaipficulty
lesionpations with increasingey frontal lesions ,
→ in :




with more abstract
levels

, ° Hier archy of
goals in real life
task help a fan ily live
budget given to patients with
→
:
to on sm alle
•
a

frontal lesions
PFC lesion PFC lesion
no :
patient :
'

1) find biggest expenaitwes
da
Patient can t het go of the
1) eualuate expenditwes lnlld
first plant inability to
to eat , peace to Sleep) ( rent)
Shift to on other
tat)
goal
2) rlnove non -


crucial 2) more out (& buy a

expenditwes
3) see it crucial expen -
hierarchieal goal planning & definition op appro -




di two can be reauced priate sub -




goaes is disrupled in PFC les ich patient

☐ contre over Complex actions reauire that we
maintain our Current goal ( Mance expenaitwe)
•




•
be able to Shift from one subgoal to onother leg saving money
.
, but also having a

place to live)
•


focus on the information that is relevant to achieving that goal &
ignore irrelevant
information

☐
Dynamic filloing [Shima Mura]
•
pre frontal Cortex as dynamic filter e. g. your Elling a story
↳ not just maintenon a about how mountainbiking
•

goals modify the Saliern hervorstechende) of information was inverted at the
↳ information
aclively select golden gate bridge & so .




•
problems interface ( e. g. Stroop)
:
asks you whetho the
bridge is really golden
↳ PFC
patient have problems
↳ PFC is important for filtoing ( not just WM) →
you Reed to flexible Shift
your fans from the
☐
filter ing dlnonds -


[Thompson Schill et al ]
-




Mountainbiking to the
•
semantic generation golden gate bridge
↳
high pilleing numerus :
associates
↳ requires selection


low filtering high Rilling
→ swing
→
out
→ tie
→
hang
•
f MRI :
more activation in the I left) inferior frontal Cortex por high gilleing than low
gilt eins
→ PFC is important for gilteing ( select / ignore information as I when it become
important

Hypothesis impaired : selection Process in PFC lesions Mads to openruss to Creative /

atypical Solutions


O Opera to a typica Solutions in PFE lesions
•
Match Stick task Inoue 1 stick to sollte the equations)


V1 V1 +1
easy vllt | → VIA atypical V1 V1 t V1 → v1 V1 V1
= :
: = = = =




hard :
IV =
III -


I → IV -


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