Pre-test – Cell Biology Unit 1 Questions And Answers 100% Verified.

1. What are the main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus while prokaryotic cells don’t have a membrane bound nucleus. 2. What are the major differences between plant and animal cells? Plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells have a cell membrane. 3. What functions do each of the following organelles perform: Nucleus- The membrane bound structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material, packaged in chromosomes. Cell Membrane- A membrane that provides a barrier between the interior of the cell and its external environment. Cell Wall- A structure made of fibers of carbohydrate and protein that provides support and protection to cells of plants, fungi, and many prokaryotes. Cilium, Cilia- Fiber that projects from a cell (many cells use them for movement) Cytoplasm- A mixture of substances found within the cell membrane but outside the nucleus and organelles. Cytoskeleton- A network of microscopic tubules and filaments that maintains a shape of a cell, may function with the movement of cells or structure within cells. Endoplasmic Reticulum- A system of sac-like compartments that produces lipids and proteins in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic Cell- A cell that contains a membrane-bound nucleus. Flagellum, Flagella- Long tail-like structures, or structure, with which many cells move Golgi Apparatus- In eukaryotic cells, a compartment surrounded by a single membrane that modifies and sorts the lipids and proteins produced in the endoplasmic reticulum. Lysosome- A bubble-like compartment surrounded by a single membrane that breaks down and recycles materials in animal cells and protists. Organelle- A membrane bound structure within a cell. (Ex: Mitochondria) Prokaryotic Cell- A cell that doesn’t contain a membrane bound nucleus. Ribosome- A structure made of proteins and RNA that assembles proteins in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Vacuole- A storage compartment in eukaryotic cells that is surrounded by a single membrane and that helps maintain homeostasis. Vesicle- A bubble like cell compartment that carries materials to different places in eukaryotic cells. 4. What are the four major macromolecules?