Biochemistry Final Review-2022

Miller-Urey Experiment: ● Non random collection of amino acids ● Simulation of early earth conditions ● 2% glycine and alanine ● Glutamic acid and leucine in trace amounts ● Formaldehyde → ribose (NA and carbs) ● Hydrogen cyanide→ adenine (nucleic acid and ATP) Development of Multicellularity ● Slime mold dictyostelium ● Exist in a single cell form and multicellular form ● Single cell when nutrients abundant ● ● Starvation- single cells conjugate into a slug and move. Toward a more favorable environment Uses cAMP as a “starvation signal” ● Fruiting body forms- releases cells to find food sources Phosphodiester bond Found between two sugars (DNA and RNA are linear polymers of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds) link 5’ C (phosphate) of one sugar to 3’ C (OH) nucleotide- phosphate+ sugar +base Nucleoside- sugar base A nucleotide is a nucleoside with one or more phosphates linked to the sugar Chargaff rules