PHARMACOLOGY ATI CAPSTONE STUDY GUIDE

PHARMACOLOGY ATI CAPSTONE STUDY GUIDE 1. A nurse is caring for a client with many different medications who is newly prescribed acetazolamide. What medications can interact with acetazolamide? a. Some medications that interact with this medication are Digoxin, anticonvulsants such as phenytoin, drugs that cause loss of potassium such as furosemide, lithium, sodium bicarbonate, and tricyclic antidepressants. 2. A client has a new prescription for salmeterol. The nurse is teaching the client about adverse effects of the medication. What instructions should the nurse include in this education? a. Important side effects to look out for include: headache, nasal congestion, hypertension, edema, dizziness, sleep disturbance, contact dermatitis, hyperglycemia, paresthesia, bronchitis, rigidity, and flu-like symptoms. 3. A nurse is administering gemfibrozil to a client with elevated cholesterol. Identify two (2) adverse effects related to this medication. a. Two adverse effects of this medication are abdominal pain/cramping with nausea and vomiting and dark urine. 4. A nurse is administering a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to a client. What symptoms would indicate circulatory overload? Name three (3) clinical manifestations of circulatory overload. What are three (3) interventions the nurse can take action on if overload occurs? a. Clinical manifestations that occur during circulatory overload are headache, hypertension, tachycardia, cyanosis, chest tightness and cough. Three interventions that can be done are first and foremost to stop the transfusion, place the client in fowler’s position, and administer oxygen therapy while monitoring vital signs. 5. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for raloxifene. What are contraindications for this medication that the nurse should discuss with the client? a. This drug is highly contraindicated in lactating women or women who may become pregnant as well as in women with a history of thromboembolic events, DVT, or PE. It is also contraindicated is there is a known hypersensitivity to it. 6. A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin. What are manifestations for digoxin toxicity that the nurse should monitor for before administering this medication? a. Manifestations of digoxin toxicity are confusion, irregular pulse, loss of appetite, nausea/vomiting, and visual changes such as a yellow halo or seeing spots. It is important to monitor the patient heartrate prior to administration because it is contraindicated in patients with ventricular fibrillation. 7. A nurse is preparing to administer a topoisonmerase inhibitor to a client with ovarian cancer. What are adverse effects the nurse should monitor when administering this medication? a. The nurse should monitor for side effects such as loss of appetite, nausea/vomiting, muscle cramps, diarrhea, and constipation. 8. A nurse is preparing to educate a client with diabetes who has a new prescription for metformin. What should the nurse include in the client instructions? a. It would be important to include that metformin is a drug used to treat those with diabetes type II to help lower blood sugar when it becomes too high and help restore the way food is used the make energy in the body. It is important to understand the possible side effects associated with this medication such as shakiness, nervousness, sweating, and dizziness/lightheadedness. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve damage, and loss of limbs due to neuropathy. This medication should be taken with morning and evening meals to avoid stomach upset.