NURS 6054 Week 1 Quiz with Answers

NURS 6054 Quiz 1. An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? 2. The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing? 3. What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? 4. During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as atrophy. 5. Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? 6. A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is –70 millivolts. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K +. With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential? 7. A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called: 8. A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process? 9. What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? 10. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: 11. A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? 12. In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? 13. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? 14. A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example of: 15. A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse’s best response? 16. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? 17. A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate. On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese). Which of the following is the most likely cause? 18. A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present. What medical diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart? 19. The early dilation (swelling) of the cell’s endoplasmic reticulum results in: 20. Which of the following disorders is manifested primarily in males? 21. After a geneticist talks to the patient about being a chromosomal mosaic, the patient asks the nurse what that means. How should the nurse respond? You may genetic disease(s). 22. The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport? 23. Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: 24. A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? 25. A patient who has diarrhea receives a hypertonic saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells?