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Van Plant tot Geneesmiddel samenvatting volledige cursus

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Van Plant tot Geneesmiddel samenvatting volledige cursus

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VAN PLANT TOT GENEESMIDDEL: 1e Bachelor Farmaceutische
Wetenschappen 2020 - 2021


HOOFDSTUK I: INLEIDING

HOOFDSTUK II: ONTSTAAN EN EVOLUTIE VAN LEVEN OP AARDE
1. De aarde voor het leven ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…3
2. Definities van het leven …………………………………………………………………………………………………..……3
3. Hoe ontstond het leven op aarde? ………………………………………………………………………….………….…3
4. Evolutie van het leven …………………………………………………………………………………………….………….…4

HOOFDSTUK III: BASISBEGRIPPEN PLANTKUNDE
1. Landplanten ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5
2. Indeling van landplanten ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….5
3. Beknopte beschrijving van diverse groepen ……….………………… ……………………………………………….5
4. De plantencel ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…6
5. Van cel tot weefsel ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ….….7
6. Weefsels in verband – de hoofdorganen van de plant ……………………………………………………………
7. Hoe vermenigvuldigen planten zich? ………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Fyto- of plantenhormonen ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. Beweging bij planten ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

HOOFDSTUK IV: FOTO- & CHEMOSYNTHESE
1. Geen leven zonder energie ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Fotosynthese bij planten ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Chemosynthese ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

HOOFDSTUK V: PRIMAIR METABOLISME – KOOLHYDRATEN
1. Koolhydraten ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Monosachariden …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Disachariden ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Polysachariden ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

HOOFDSTUK VI: SECUNDAIR METABOLISME
1. Bouwstenen ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Biosynthese van enkele representatieve secundaire metabolieten ……………………………………….
3. Enkele belangrijke plantenstoffen en afgeleide geneesmiddelen ……………………………………………

HOOFDSTUK VII: PLANTENCELBIOTECHNOLOGIE




1

, HOOFDSTUK I: INLEIDING

- Planten = oudste bron gnm.

- Farmacognosie = geneesmiddelen-kennis
= studie natuurproducten als/voor gnm
- Natuurproduct = volledig organisme/deel, zonder/met bewerking ter bewaring bv. drogen.
- Fytochemie = chemie van plantenstoffen.
- Fytotherapie = gebruik plantenstoffen omwille van geneeskrachtige werking.

- Moderne gnm:
* Natuurproducten
* Synthetische
* Microbiële oorsprong (penicilline)
* Biologicals (dierlijke oorsprong bv. insuline)

- Traditionele geneeskunde  ethnofarmacie.

- Planten: vaak drogerij
 In monografie (zie Farmacopee): kwaliteitscriteria.
 Definitie: oorsprong
 Karakter (organoleptisch: kleur, geur, smaak)
 Identificatie: macroscopisch + microscopisch + kleurreacties + dunne laag
chromatografie
 Zuiverheid: testen
 Bepalingen: gehaltebepaling actieve componenten

- Plantaardige bereidingen: extracten maken
 Maceratie: laten trekken plantenmateriaal met solvent
 Percolatie: solvent doorheen plantenmateriaal laten lopen
 Infusie: kokend water op plantenmateriaal
 Decoct maken: plantenmateriaal laten opkoken in water

 Vl. droog maken: rotavapor (laten afdampen onder minder p)
+ droogfase: droogoven/sproeidrogen/vriesdrogen = lyofilisatie

 Extracta fluida (vl.), extracta sicca (droog), exacta spissa (tussenin : zacht)
Tinctuur = alcohol + water
! DER = drug – extract ratio



Primair en secundair metabolisme

- Zuivere producten < opzuiveren extracten

- Primair metabolisme = basis leven  biochemie

- Secundair metabolisme: ecologisch  biodiversiteit
Secundaire metabolieten: typisch micro-organismen + planten: geneeskrachtige eig en !




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