NURS 6551 MIDTERM EXAM Complete Solution Package

NURS 6551 MIDTERM EXAM NURS 6551 MIDTERM EXAM • Question 1 2 out of 2 points What term refers to the period from about 7 to 10 days before menstrual flow begins until the first or second day of menstrual flow? Selected d. Answer: Perimenstrual • Question 2 2 out of 2 points Where in the breast do most malignancies develop? Selected b. Answer: Upper outer quadrant • Question 3 2 out of 2 points Most functional ovarian cysts will resolve within: Selected b. Answer: 3 months • Question 4 2 out of 2 points What is the term for the absence of menses for 3 to 6 months in a woman who has previously menstruated and is not pregnant, breastfeeding, or menopausal? Selected c. Answer: Secondary amenorrhea • Question 5 2 out of 2 points What has contributed to the decreased incidence of hepatitis B over the past 20 years? Selected b. Answer: The HBV vaccination • Question 6 2 out of 2 points The incidence of uterine fibroids: Selected a. Answer: Increases with age • Question 7 2 out of 2 points Which one of the following statements about the subdermal progestin implant is false? Selected b. Answer: After removal, its contraceptive effects last 10 more months on average. • Question 8 2 out of 2 points Gender is rooted in _____________ and shaped by ________________ . c. Biology, environment and experience Selected Answer: • Question 9 0 out of 2 points The ________ is probably the most widely used intimate partner violence (IPV) screen. Selected Answer: a. Three-question AAS (McFarlane et al., 1992) b. Campbell’s Danger Assessment (2003) c. Sheridan’s HARASS Instrument d. Helton’s nine-question AAS b. Campbell’s Danger Assessment (2003) • Question 10 2 out of 2 points Although barrier contraception methods are less effective in preventing pregnancy than more modern methods, interest in them is on the rise because they: Selected a. Answer: Can help protect against STIs, including HIV • Question 11 0 out of 2 points What approach does Healthy People 2020 use to achieve its goals and objectives? Selected Answer: a. Longevity promotion determinants of health a. Social determinants of health b. Evidence-based determinants of health c. Quality-of-life determinants of health d. Longevity promotion determinants of health • Question 12 2 out of 2 points The P in the mnemonic EMPOWER is meant to help the clinician remember to: Selected c. Answer: Provide information about domestic violence • Question 13 2 out of 2 points In women of reproductive age, the most common cause of a bleeding pattern that is suddenly different is: Selected d. Answer: A complication of pregnancy • Question 14 2 out of 2 points The methods of abortion used in the United States—in order, with the most common method listed first—are: Selected a. Answer: Aspiration, medication, induction, surgical • Question 15 2 out of 2 points What is the definitive diagnostic technique for vulvar dermatoses? Selected b. Answer: Biopsy • Question 16 2 out of 2 points What screening recommendation is similar across all groups for colorectal cancer? Selected c. Answer: Screening for all women starting at age 50 • Question 17 2 out of 2 points The possibility of cancer is associated with mastalgia when the pain: b. Selected Answer: Is accompanied by skin changes or palpable abnormality • Question 18 2 out of 2 points What can bacterial vaginosis lead to? Selected b. Answer: Pelvic inflammatory disease • Question 19 0 out of 2 points For women and men with infertility an option that involves a sperm or egg donor is called: a. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) Selected Answer: • Question 20 0 out of 2 points Why are the majority of cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed when the disease has already reached an advanced stage? Selected Answer: a. Correct Answer: c. The symptoms are vague. Women are not routinely screened for it. • Question 21 0 out of 2 points How is screening for the rubella immunity accomplished? Selected Answer: c. By ordering serologic studies a. By asking the patient b. By obtaining a history of vaccination or by ordering serologic studies c. By ordering serologic studies d. By obtaining vaccination records • Question 22 0 out of 2 points What area of injury prevention is a focus of the USPSTF’s guidelines for counseling all healthy, asymptomatic women? Selected Answer: c. All of the above a. Motor vehicle accidents b. Falls c. Domestic violence d. All of the above • Question 23 2 out of 2 points The most common sites of metastatic spread of invasive breast cancer include all of the following except: Selected c. Answer: Pituitary • Question 24 0 out of 2 points Which type of counseling results in a statistically significant reduction in STIs? Selected Answer: d. Brief, individual sessions in the primary care setting b. Counseling delivered in multiple individual or group sessions totaling more than 3 hours • Question 25 2 out of 2 points What is the most common STI in the United States? Selected b. Answer: Chlamydia • Question 26 2 out of 2 points What is one of the side effects of hormonal contraceptives? Selected a. Answer: Reduction in ovarian cancer risk • Question 27 0 out of 2 points What is one of the most frequent reasons women visit their clinician? Selected Answer: c. Pregnancy Correct Answer: a. Changes in menstruation • Question 28 0 out of 2 points Most research studies on methods of contraception use the term efficacy to refer to: Selected d. Answer: The likelihood of user failure or typical-use failure rates in different populations HOW WELL IT WORKS? • Question 29 2 out of 2 points What procedure is used to evaluate abnormal Pap smears and genital tract lesions? a. Colposcopy Selected Answer: • Question 30 0 out of 2 points Which of the following is associated with increased risk of endometriosis? Selected Answer: b. Long menstrual cycles c. Correct Answer: Early menarche • Question 31 0 out of 2 points Under what conditions is a rectovaginal examination most useful? Selected Answer: b. If screening for colorectal cancer is indicated a. Under all conditions b. If screening for colorectal cancer is indicated c. If the uterus is anteverted or anteflexed d. If the uterus is retroflexed or retroverted • Question 32 2 out of 2 points Tubal sterilization for women who have completed their families is highly effective, but there are disadvantages such as: Selected a. Answer: Women are less likely to use condoms or return for health services. • Question 33 2 out of 2 points Patients presenting for STI treatment should be screened for HIV: Selected a. Answer: At each visit • Question 34 0 out of 2 points What is the leading preventable cause of death across all populations in the United States? Selected c. Answer: Obesity TABACCO • Question 35 0 out of 2 points Which factor bears most on women’s health care today? Selected a. Answer: The complexity of women’s health b. Women's status and position in society • Question 36 0 out of 2 points The most common site for endometrial implants found in other parts of the body is: Selected Answer: b. The uterus CORRECT: FALLOPIAN TUBES, APPENDIX OVARIES • Question 37 0 out of 2 points In respect to an evidentiary examination: Selected b. Answer: The clinician is required to strictly follow local agency protocols, no others. CORRECT: The time frame within which it must take place depends on local standards. • Question 38 0 out of 2 points What is generally the cause of Bartholin’s cyst? Selected Answer: a. Complications from gonorrhea CORRECT: Obstruction of a duct in Bartholin’s gland • Question 39 0 out of 2 points A first-line recommended treatment for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is: Selected c. Answer: Analgesics CORRECT : COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES • Question 40 2 out of 2 points The ParaGard IUD is impregnated with copper and is effective for: d. 10 years Selected Answer: • Question 41 2 out of 2 points The second most commonly reported STI after chlamydia is: a. Gonorrhea Selected Answer: • Question 42 0 out of 2 points The infertility evaluation is an opportune time to suggest health promotion behaviors that may specifically improve fertility, including: Selected a. Answer: Achieving a BMI in the range of 30 to 35, if the woman is under- or overweight b. Correct Answer: Reducing alcohol consumption to about 4 drinks per week • Question 43 2 out of 2 points What is one factor that can reduce the risk for the development of ovarian cancer? Selected a. Answer: Multiple pregnancies • Question 44 0 out of 2 points What should be used for women whose hirsutism remains refractory after 6 months of combined oral contraceptive use? Selected c. Answer: Metformi n ANTIANDROGE N • Question 45 0 out of 2 points Which of the following is an ethical issue that is specifically associated with preimplantation testing with ART? Selected Answer: WRONG a. Ownership of frozen embryos after the couple has divorced Genetic engineering and the ability to reject embryos affected by inherited disorders CORRECT • Question 46 0 out of 2 points Which one of the following statements about intimate partner violence (IPV) is false? Selected b. Answer: It includes emotional abuse, such as disregarding what a woman wants. 1. It refers to an escalating pattern of abuse????. 2. It includes emotional abuse, such as disregarding what a woman wants. 3. It includes using physical force to make a woman engage in a sexual act against her will. 4. It refers to a current or former spouse or dating partner of the opposite sex, not someone of the same sex. • Question 47 2 out of 2 points If a patient has not reported a sexual assault to law enforcement, all of the following clinician actions are important except: Selected c. Answer: Explaining that only some forced sexual contacts are reportable crimes • Question 48 2 out of 2 points How do systemic antiviral drugs treat genital herpes? a. They can control the symptoms. Selected Answer: • Question 49 0 out of 2 points Which type of speculum is best used to examine nulliparous women? Selected c. Answer: Large Graves pederson speculum CORRECT • Question 50 2 out of 2 points Which organism causes 90% of vulvovaginal candidiasis episodes in women? b. Candida albicans Selected Answer: NURS 6551 MIDTERM EXAM 2 • Question 1 2 out of 2 points Cyclic mastalgia: Selected Answer: d. Is caused by hormonal changes associated with menstruation • Question 2 2 out of 2 points The possibility of cancer is associated with mastalgia when the pain: Selected Answer: b. Is accompanied by skin changes or palpable abnormality • Question 3 2 out of 2 points Why is adenomyosis frequently underdiagnosed? Selected Answer: d. It has similar symptoms to other pelvic pain conditions. • Question 4 2 out of 2 points What is the current (2006) recommendation by the CDC regarding HIV testing? Selected Answer: b. Test all patients unless they explicitly decline to be tested. • Question 5 2 out of 2 points What is the most common type of menstrual dysfunction related to hyperandrogenism? Selected Answer: c. Irregular bleeding • Question 6 2 out of 2 points Which one of the following statements about the subdermal progestin implant is false? Selected Answer: b. After removal, its contraceptive effects last 10 more months on average. • Question 7 2 out of 2 points What is the most common symptom of vulvovaginal candidiasis? Selected Answer: d. Vulvar pruritis • Question 8 2 out of 2 points What is the major source of normal vaginal secretions? Selected Answer: d. Cervical mucosa • Question 9 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is an ethical issue that is specifically associated with pre-implantation testing with ART? Selected Answer: c. Genetic engineering and the ability to reject embryos affected by inherited disorders • Question 10 2 out of 2 points The most common sites of metastatic spread of invasive breast cancer include all of the following except: Selected Answer: c. Pituitary • Question 11 0 out of 2 points Women’s health risks, treatments, and approaches are not always based in science and biology because: Selected Answer: d. Scientific research often fails to take women into consideration. • Question 12 2 out of 2 points Under what conditions is a rectovaginal examination most useful? Selected Answer: d. If the uterus is retroflexed or retroverted • Question 13 2 out of 2 points The methods of abortion used in the United States—in order, with the most common method listed first—are: Selected Answer: a. Aspiration, medication, induction, surgical • Question 14 2 out of 2 points Hyperandrogenism in reproductive-age women is most frequently associated with: Selected Answer: b. Polycystic ovary syndrome • Question 15 2 out of 2 points There is no one legal definition of rape, which means: Selected Answer: a. Clinicians must learn their own state’s definitions and statutes. • Question 16 2 out of 2 points In the GTPAL system for recording pregnancy history, the “T” stands for: Selected Answer: a. Term births • Question 17 0 out of 2 points How can liver and renal diseases result in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)? Selected Answer: a. They cause an imbalance in platelet aggregation. • Question 18 2 out of 2 points The second most commonly reported STI after chlamydia is: Selected Answer: a. Gonorrhea • Question 19 0 out of 2 points The most common site for endometrial implants found in other parts of the body is: Selected Answer: d. The fallopian tubes • Question 20 2 out of 2 points What procedure is used to evaluate abnormal Pap smears and genital tract lesions? Selected Answer: a. Colposcopy • Question 21 2 out of 2 points The most widely accepted theory for the origin of endometriosis is that reverse flow of menses out of the fallopian tubes allows endometrial cells to enter the pelvis and become implanted on the pelvic organs, which is the: Selected Answer: b. Retrograde menstruation theory • Question 22 2 out of 2 points What should be the clinician’s first objective after learning the chief reason the woman desires care? Selected Answer: a. To give the reason or problem a structural and chronological framework • Question 23 2 out of 2 points Although barrier contraception methods are less effective in preventing pregnancy than more modern methods, interest in them is on the rise because they: Selected Answer: a. Can help protect against STIs, including HIV • Question 24 2 out of 2 points The ________ is probably the most widely used intimate partner violence (IPV) screen. Selected Answer: a. Three-question AAS (McFarlane et al., 1992) • Question 25 2 out of 2 points What symptom is present in 80 to 90 percent of women with cervical cancer? Selected Answer: a. Abnormal vaginal bleeding • Question 26 2 out of 2 points Why do adolescents have the highest risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? Selected Answer: d. They have decreased immunity to infectious organisms. • Question 27 2 out of 2 points What is the screening recommendation by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for intimate partner violence (IPV)? Selected Answer: a. Routinely ask all women direct, specific questions about abuse. Refer to community-based services when identified. • Question 28 2 out of 2 points The genetic counselor has a significant role in the care of women because BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic mutations account for 5 to 10 percent of all _______ cancer cases. Selected Answer: a. Breast • Question 29 2 out of 2 points A first-line recommended treatment for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is: Selected Answer: d. Combined oral contraceptives • Question 30 2 out of 2 points Research has demonstrated that emergency contraception pills are approximately 74 percent effective when taken as long as: Selected Answer: b. 120 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse • Question 31 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is a preventive measure for vulvar cancer? Selected Answer: b. Not smoking • Question 32 2 out of 2 points What had been a significant problem in medical research well into the 1990s? Selected Answer: b. The lack of representation of women in research trials • Question 33 2 out of 2 points What has contributed to the decreased incidence of hepatitis B over the past 20 years? Selected Answer: b. The HBV vaccination • Question 34 2 out of 2 points Most research studies on methods of contraception use the term efficacy to refer to: Selected Answer: b. The likelihood of pregnancy when a method is used exactly as prescribed • Question 35 2 out of 2 points What is the USPSTF recommendation regarding firearms? Selected Answer: c. Remove from home, or store unloaded in locked compartments • Question 36 0 out of 2 points Who should be screened regularly for STIs? Selected Answer: d. Women over the age of 15 • Question 37 2 out of 2 points Gender is rooted in _____________ and shaped by ________________ . Selected Answer: c. Biology, environment and experience • Question 38 0 out of 2 points Surgical abortion represents an option for women who desire termination of pregnancy beyond: Selected Answer: d. 15 weeks’ gestation • Question 39 2 out of 2 points Which of the following are screening tests for type 2 diabetes mellitus? Selected Answer: d. All of the above • Question 40 2 out of 2 points The depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection (Depo-Provera) is given at _______ week intervals. Selected Answer: d. 12 • Question 41 2 out of 2 points What treatment was introduced in the 1990s as a less invasive alternative to hysterectomy? Selected Answer: c. Endometrial ablation • Question 42 0 out of 2 points Exercise-induced amenorrhea is probably due to the combination of low body fat and decreased secretion of: Selected Answer: a. Estrogen • Question 43 2 out of 2 points Alcohol consumption is considered hazardous for a woman who has: Selected Answer: b. Either 7 or more drinks in one week or 3 per occasion • Question 44 2 out of 2 points Routine HPV vaccination is recommended for girls of what age? Selected Answer: d. 11–12 • Question 45 2 out of 2 points How is screening for the rubella immunity accomplished? Selected Answer: b. By obtaining a history of vaccination or by ordering serologic studies • Question 46 2 out of 2 points Patients presenting for STI treatment should be screened for HIV: Selected Answer: a. At each visit • Question 47 2 out of 2 points What is one of the most frequent reasons women visit their clinician? Selected Answer: a. Changes in menstruation • Question 48 2 out of 2 points Which one of the following statements about intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is false? Selected Answer: b. Complications are more the result of trauma than psychological abuse. • Question 49 2 out of 2 points The factors that enable women to enjoy and control their sexual and reproductive lives, including a physical and emotional state of well-being and the quality of sexual and other close relationships, make up a woman’s: Selected Answer: a. Sexual health • Question 50 2 out of 2 points What is one of the side effects of hormonal contraceptives? Selected Answer: a. Reduction in ovarian cancer risk • Question 51 0 out of 0 points When completing this quiz, did you comply with Walden University’s Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity? Selected Answer: Yes Sunday, July 7, 2019 5:23:21 PM EDT NURS 6551 Midterm Exam Guide QUESTION 1 1. Which of the following is a diagnostic label that is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-TR? 2. 3. a. a. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder 4. 5. b. b. Premenstrual magnification 6. 7. c. c. Dysmenorrhea 8. 9. d. d. Premenstrual syndrome QUESTION 2 About half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended and occur most frequently in women who: 2. 3. a. a. Are married or divorced 4. 5. b. b.Have finished high school 6. 7. c. c. Are between the ages of 18 and 24 8. 9. d. d. Are members of the majority group QUESTION 3 What is one factor that can reduce the risk for the development of ovarian cancer? a. Multiple pregnancies b. Transvaginal ultrasounds c. Identification of recurrence d. Weight loss QUESTION 4 What percentage of toxic shock syndrome cases are related to menses? a. 50% b. 25% c. 75% d. 90% QUESTION 5 Tubal sterilization for women who have completed their families is highly effective, but there are disadvantages such as: a. Women are less likely to use condoms or return for health services. b. There is a decreased risk of ovarian cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease. c. There is a high likelihood of complications and side effects. d. The surgery is not covered by insurance. QUESTION 6 Women who report experiencing the most severe symptoms of PMS tend to be: 1. 2. a. a. In their late 40s 3. 4. b. b. In their early 20s 5. 6. c. c. In their late teens 7. 8. d. d. In their late 30s QUESTION 7 What is the definition of primary amenorrhea? a. The cessation of menses for an interval of 6 months b. The failure to begin menses by age 14 c. The cessation of menses due to outflow tract obstruction d. The failure to begin menses by age 16 QUESTION 8 How many stages does the Tanner scale use to stage sexual maturity? a. 3 stages b. 5 stages c. 6 stages d. 8 stages QUESTION 9 Which contraceptive methods have inherent failure rates? 1. 2. a. a.None 3. 4. b. b.Some 5. 6. c. c.All 7. 8. d. d.All except sterilization QUESTION 10 What is the most common type of menstrual dysfunction related to hyperandrogenism? a. Painful menstruation b. Absence of menses c. Irregular bleeding d. Early menopause QUESTION 11 Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are among the most extensively studied medications available. Which one of the following statements about their use has been found to be true? a. Broadspectrum antibiotics may enhance their efficacy. b. They do not increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. c. They decrease the relative risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers. d. Among possible side effects are acne, hirsuitism, and benign breast conditions. QUESTION 12 Many patients experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) meet the criteria for diagnosing PTSD. Those criteria include all of the following except: 1. 2. a. a.Experiencing a traumatic event 3. 4. b. b.Reexperiencing the traumatic event 5. 6. c. c.Numbness and avoidance 7. 8. d. d.Hypovigilance QUESTION 13 Which of the following is an ethical issue that is specifically associated with preimplantation testing with ART? 1. 2. a. a.Ownership of frozen embryos after the couple has divorced 3. 4. b. b.A surrogate deciding she does not want to relinquish the infant 5. 6. c. c.Genetic engineering and the ability to reject embryos affected by inherited disorders 7. 8. d. d.The implantation of multiple embryos, which can create high risk for the embryos and the woman QUESTION 14 The ________ is probably the most widely used intimate partner violence (IPV) screen. a. Three-QUESTION AAS (McFarlane et al., 1992) b. Campbell’s Danger Assessment (2003) c. Sheridan’s HARASS Instrument d. Helton’s nine-QUESTION AAS QUESTION 15 What is the term for the absence of menses for 3 to 6 months in a woman who has previously menstruated and is not pregnant, breastfeeding, or menopausal? 1. 2. a. 3. Primary amenorrhea 4. 5. b. 6. Initial dysmenorrhea 7. 8. c. 9. Secondary amenorrhea 10. 11. d. 12. Primary dysmenorrhea QUESTION 16 Among women age 55 years and older: a. Macromastia is the most common cause of breast masses. b. Breast masses are presumed malignant until proven otherwise. c. Most breast masses decrease in size over time and many resolve completely. d. Diagnostic imaging of a breast mass and tissue sampling should be deferred. QUESTION 17 Both very young and elderly sexual assault victims: 1. 2. a. Are addressed in most state mandatory reporting laws 3. 4. b. never has any difficulty describing the incident and related symptoms 5. 6. c. Require the same equipment for proper examination that others do 7. 8. d. Have fewer injuries than victims of other age groups QUESTION 18 What is the major source of normal vaginal secretions? a. Bartholin’s glands b. Apocrine glands c. Sebaceous glands d. Cervical mucosa QUESTION 19 Which one of the following statements about intimate partner violence (IPV) is false? 1. 2. a. 3. It refers to an escalating pattern of abuse. 4. 5. b. 6. It includes emotional abuse, such as disregarding what a woman wants. 7. 8. c. 9. It includes using physical force to make a woman engage in a sexual act against her will. 10. 11. d. 12. It refers to a current or former spouse or dating partner of the opposite sex, not someone of the same sex. QUESTION 20 How is being overweight defined on the BMI table? a. 18–29.9 b. 20–29.9 c. 25–29.9 d. 30 or greater QUESTION 21 What has contributed to the decreased incidence of hepatitis B over the past 20 years? 1. 2. a. 3. The decrease in PID 4. 5. b. 6. The HBV vaccination 7. 8. c. 9. The increase in condom use 10. 11. d. 12. More precise screening methods QUESTION 22 Which are the most common forms of hepatitis seen in women’s health practices? a. A and B b. A and D c. B, C, and D d. B and C QUESTION 23 The factors that enable women to enjoy and control their sexual and reproductive lives, including a physical and emotional state of well-being and the quality of sexual and other close relationships, make up a woman’s: 1. 2. a. 3. Sexual health 4. 5. b. 6. Gender identity 7. 8. c. 9. Gender role behaviors 10. 11. d. 12. Psychosocial orientation QUESTION 24 What test should be ordered for a woman who is experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) as well as headaches and peripheral vision changes? a. Thyroid-stimulating hormone test b. Nucleic acid amplification test c. Complete blood count d. Prolactin level test QUESTION 25 Surgical abortion represents an option for women who desire termination of pregnancy beyond: 1. 2. a. 3. 8 weeks’ gestation 4. 5. b. 6. 12 weeks’ gestation 7. 8. c. 9. 4 weeks’ gestation 10. 11. d. 12. 15 weeks’ gestation QUESTION 26 What POPulation of women should be screened for signs and symptoms of thyroid dysfunction? 1. 2. a. 3. All women 4. 5. b. 6. Older women 7. 8. c. 9. Older women, smokers, and women with diabetes 10. 11. d. 12. Older women, postpartum women, and women with Down syndrome QUESTION 27 All of the following diagnostic testing and procedures are now infrequently performed in clinical practice except: 1. 2. a. 3. Hysterosalpingogram 4. 5. b. 6. Sperm penetration assay 7. 8. c. 9. The postcoital test (PCT) 10. 11. d. 12. Endometrial biopsy (EMB) QUESTION 28 The most common site for endometrial implants found in other parts of the body is: 1. 2. a. 3. The appendix 4. 5. b. 6. The uterus 7. 8. c. 9. The ovaries 10. 11. d. 12. The fallopian tubes QUESTION 29 Women who have had toxic shock syndrome should be instructed not to use tampons or: a. Barrier contraception methods b. Hormonal contraception methods c. Intravaginal antibiotic cream d. Oral antibiotics QUESTION 30 Cyclic mastalgia: a. More likely causes unilateral, localized pain that is sharp or burning in nature b. Has an increased risk of occurrence in women whose diets are low in fat c. Occurs most frequently in women who are 18 to 30 years old d. Is caused by hormonal changes associated with menstruation QUESTION 31 The incidence of uterine fibroids: 1. 2. a. 3. Increases with age 4. 5. b. 6. Decreases with age 7. 8. c. 9. Is often caused by early menopause 10. 11. d. 12. Is related to the age of first menses QUESTION 32 Patients presenting for STI treatment should be screened for HIV: a. At each visit b. At the end of treatment c. At the beginning of treatment d. Each year QUESTION 33 1. What screening recommendation is similar across all groups for colorectal cancer? 2. 3. a. 4. Screening women age 76 to 85 based on risk factors 5. 6. b. 7. Screening only for those women at increased risk 8. 9. c. 10. Screening for all women starting at age 50 11. 12. d. 13. Against routine screening in adults age 76 and over QUESTION 34 Approximately what percentage of vulvar cancers occur in women older than the age of 50? a. 50% b. 70% c. 85% d. 60% QUESTION 35 Signs of endometrial or cervical cancer may present abnormal uterine bleeding, often as heavy, prolonged bleeding or: 1. 2. a. 3. Menometrorrhagia 4. 5. b. 6. Amenorrhea 7. 8. c. 9. Oligomenorrhea 10. 11. d. 12. Polymenorrhea QUESTION 36 In the GTPAL system for recording pregnancy history, the “T” stands for: a. Term births b. Terminal pregnancies c. Total number of pregnancies d. Type of birth (spontaneous, assisted, or cesarean) QUESTION 37 What is now thought to be the most important causative agent in cervical cancer? a. PCOS b. Vulvar cancer c. Herpes simplex d. HPV QUESTION 38 The most common sites of metastatic spread of invasive breast cancer include all of the following except: 1. 2. a. 3. Bones 4. 5. b. 6. Lungs 7. 8. c. 9. Pituitary 10. 11. d. 12. Lymph nodes QUESTION 39 Who should be screened regularly for STIs? a. Women who have more than one sexual partner b. Women over the age of 21 c. Women who are sexually active d. Women over the age of 15 QUESTION 40 What is a common vasomotor symptom of menopause? 1. 2. a. 3. Blood clots 4. 5. b. 6. Night sweats 7. 8. c. 9. Osteoporosis 10. 11. d. 12. Hysterectomy QUESTION 41 What is the best definition of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)? a. Uterine bleeding for which no pelvic pathology is found b. Uterine bleeding that is irregular during a woman’s menstrual cycle c. Uterine bleeding that is irregular in amount or frequency d. Uterine bleeding that is related to systemic conditions QUESTION 42 What should be the clinician’s first objective after learning the chief reason the woman desires care? a. To give the reason or problem a structural and chronological framework b. To probe for any additional concerns missed c. To take a family history related to the presenting concern d. To gain insight into the woman’s cultural and social influences QUESTION 43 No risk factors other than age are identifiable in ______ of women with breast cancer. a. 100% b. 85% c. 60% d. 24% QUESTION 44 The highest prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) is found among women ages: a. 18–20 b. 20–24 c. 25–30 d. 30–35 QUESTION 45 Although barrier contraception methods are less effective in preventing pregnancy than more modern methods, interest in them is on the rise because they: a. Can help protect against STIs, including HIV b. Are coitus dependent and require planning c. Are nonallergenic and male controlled d. Involve the use of hormone EXAM 4 How can liver and renal diseases result in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)? a. They cause an imbalance in platelet aggregation. b. They result in an inability to adequately clear estrogen from the body. c. They cause thyroid dysfunction, which leads to bleeding abnormalities. d. They result in elevated prolactin levels, which lead to bleeding abnormalities. What is now thought to be the most important causative agent in cervical cancer? a. PCOS b. Vulvar cancer c. Herpes simplex d. HPV An initial or primary genital herpes infection characteristically lasts about: a. 1 week b. 3 weeks c. 1 month d. 6 weeks Which contraceptive methods have inherent failure rates? a. None b. Some c. All d. All except sterilization Why do adolescents have the highest risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? a. They have the highest risk for bacterial vaginosis. b. They are the least at risk for developing other STIs. c. They are the most sexually active. d. They have decreased immunity to infectious organisms. Exercise-induced amenorrhea is probably due to the combination of low body fat and decreased secretion of: a. Estrogen b. Prolactin c. Progesterone d. GnRH What can result from an imbalance in the vaginal flora? a. Herpes simplex virus b. Human papillomavirus c. Chlamydia d. Bacterial vaginosis The most effective means of obtaining the history of abuse is to use a communication model that: a. Avoids having the patient’s children present during the discussion b. Signals someone is interested and that the woman is not alone c. Emphasizes the belief that violence is not acceptable, no matter what the batterer might have said to the patient d. Allows the patient to talk without interruption and with time to relate, emphasize, and repeat her full story What is the most common STI in the United States? a. Gonorrhea b. Chlamydia c. Syphilis d. Herpes simplex virus Progestin-only pills (POPs): a. Have no possible side effects b. Suppress ovulation as reliably as COCs c. May be taken earlier or later than prescribed d. In combination with lactation are nearly 100% effective According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the presence of a disease state: a. Necessitates prompt medical attention b. Excludes a person from being considered healthy c. Does not exclude a person from being considered healthy d. Classifies a person as in poor health Which of the following might be a sign of hyperandrogenism? a. Irritable bowel syndrome b. Decreased sebum secretion in the skin c. Decreased muscle mass d. Acne associated with menstrual dysfunction Surgical abortion represents an option for women who desire termination of pregnancy beyond: a. 8 weeks’ gestation b. 12 weeks’ gestation c. 4 weeks’ gestation d. 15 weeks’ gestation How can weight loss specifically control symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? a. It decreases SHBG. b. It increases insulin resistance. c. It decreases androgen levels. d. It increases estrogen levels. Why is acknowledging the oppression of women more difficult within Western societies? a. The multiplicity of minority groups complicates the issue. b. The availability of health care makes acknowledgment more difficult. c. The diversity of the news media clouds the issue. d. Affluence and increased opportunities mask oppression. How does vaginosis differ from vaginitis? a. It must be treated with metronidazole. b. The discharge does not contain white blood cells. c. The discharge does not have an odor. d. It causes itching and/or burning. What area of injury prevention is a focus of the USPSTF’s guidelines for counseling all healthy, asymptomatic women? a. Motor vehicle accidents b. Falls c. Domestic violence d. All of the above What approach does Healthy People 2020 use to achieve its goals and objectives? a. Social determinants of health b. Evidence-based determinants of health c. Quality-of-life determinants of health d. Longevity promotion determinants of health Approximately what percentage of women with bacterial vaginosis are asymptomatic? a. 25% b. 40% c. 75% d. 50% The genetic counselor has a significant role in the care of women because BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic mutations account for 5 to 10 percent of all _______ cancer cases. a. Breast b. Ovarian c. Uterine d. Pancreatic Which organism causes 90% of vulvovaginal candidiasis episodes in women? a. Candida tropicalis b. Candida albicans c. Candida glabrata d. Candida krusei What term refers to the period from about 7 to 10 days before menstrual flow begins until the first or second day of menstrual flow? a. Amenorrhea b. Premenstrual c. Dysmenorrhea d. Perimenstrua l The ParaGard IUD is impregnated with copper and is effective for: a. 15 years b. 3 years c. 5 years d. 10 years What is the danger of giving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to menopausal women with an intact uterus? a. A higher risk of heart disease b. An increased likelihood of blood clots c. An increased likelihood of osteoporosis d. A higher risk of endometrial cancer Although barrier contraception methods are less effective in preventing pregnancy than more modern methods, interest in them is on the rise because they: a. Can help protect against STIs, including HIV b. Are coitus dependent and require planning c. Are nonallergenic and male controlled d. Involve the use of hormones A risk factor that could lead to endometrial cancer is: a. Early menopause b. Late menopause c. High blood pressure d. Cervical cancer Of the two intrauterine contraceptive devices currently available in the United States only one provides a local delivery of protestin. It is the: a. Combined contraceptive patch (Ortho Evra) b. Copper IUD (T380A, ParaGard) c. LNG-IUS (Mirena) d. Dalkon Shield Approximately what percentage of vulvar cancers occur in women older than the age of 50? a. 50% b. 70% c. 85% d. 60% What is the best definition of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)? a. Uterine bleeding for which no pelvic pathology is found b. Uterine bleeding that is irregular during a woman’s menstrual cycle c. Uterine bleeding that is irregular in amount or frequency d. Uterine bleeding that is related to systemic conditions The most common benign breast masses are: a. Galactoceles b. Hamartomas c. Fibroadenomas and cysts d. Lipomas and phyllodes tumors Which cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological cancers? a. Vulvar cancer b. Endometrial cancer c. Cervical cancer d. Ovarian cancer Vulvovaginal candidiasis accounts for what percentage of all vaginal infections? A. 10–15% B. 20–25% C. 50–55% D. 60–65% Which type of counseling results in a statistically significant reduction in STIs? a. Abstinence-only education b. Counseling delivered in multiple individual or group sessions totaling more than 3 hours c. Remote counseling via Internet or phone d. Brief, individual sessions in the primary care setting Which of the following is an ethical issue that is specifically associated with pre-implantation testing with ART? a. Ownership of frozen embryos after the couple has divorced b. A surrogate deciding she does not want to relinquish the infant c. Genetic engineering and the ability to reject embryos affected by inherited disorders d. The implantation of multiple embryos, which can create high risk for the embryos and the woman What symptom is present in 80 to 90 percent of women with cervical cancer? a. Abnormal vaginal bleeding b. Abnormal vaginal discharge c. Pelvic pain d. Ectopic pregnancy If a patient has not reported a sexual assault to law enforcement, all of the following clinician actions are important except: a. Asking if reporting is something she wants to consider b. Discussing any fears or concerns that she may have about reporting c. Explaining that only some forced sexual contacts are reportable crimes d. Telling her that women who report do better psychologically than those who do not What test should be ordered for a woman who is experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) as well as headaches and peripheral vision changes? a. Thyroid-stimulating hormone test b. Nucleic acid amplification test c. Complete blood count d. Prolactin level test What had been a significant problem in medical research well into the 1990s? a. The focus on randomized clinical trials over epidemiological investigations b. The lack of representation of women in research trials c. The lack of research related to gynecology d. The focus on randomized clinical trials over observational research What is the definitive diagnostic technique for vulvar dermatoses? a. Pap test b. Biopsy c. Colposcopy d. Physical exam Where in the breast do most malignancies develop? a. Upper inner quadrant b. Upper outer quadrant c. Lower outer quadrant d. Lower inner quadrant Approximately how many Americans will contract one or more sexually transmitted infections during their lifetime? a. 50% b. 25% c. 40% d. 60% In the GTPAL system for recording pregnancy history, the “T” stands for: a. Term births b. Terminal pregnancies c. Total number of pregnancies d. Type of birth (spontaneous, assisted, or cesarean) Both very young and elderly sexual assault victims: a. Are addressed in most state mandatory reporting laws b. never has any difficulty describing the incident and related symptoms c. Require the same equipment for proper examination that others do d. Have fewer injuries than victims of other age groups What is one of the side effects of hormonal contraceptives? a. Reduction in ovarian cancer risk b. Increased menstrual blood loss c. Increased risk of endometrial cancer d. Heavier menstrual flow Tubal sterilization for women who have completed their families is highly effective, but there are disadvantages such as: a. Women are less likely to use condoms or return for health services. b. There is a decreased risk of ovarian cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease. c. There is a high likelihood of complications and side effects. d. The surgery is not covered by insurance. What is the current (2006) recommendation by the CDC regarding HIV testing? a. Test all patients who report risk behaviors associated with HIV. b. Test all patients unless they explicitly decline to be tested. c. Test all patients. d. Test only those patients who ask to be tested. What is generally the cause of Bartholin’s cyst? a. Complications from gonorrhea b. Cystic fluid in Bartholin’s gland becomes infected c. A fungal infection in Bartholin’s gland d. Obstruction of a duct in Bartholin’s gland Which of the following factors associated with increased risk for developing osteoporosis appears to be the best predictor of risk? a. Smoking b. Low body weight c. Sedentary lifestyle d. Family history What is the definition of primary amenorrhea? a. The cessation of menses for an interval of 6 months b. The failure to begin menses by age 14 c. The cessation of menses due to outflow tract obstruction d. The failure to begin menses by age 16 In respect to an evidentiary examination: a. The patient may not withhold consent if the clinician is a mandated reporter. b. The clinician is required to strictly follow local agency protocols, no others. c. The time frame within which it must take place depends on local standards. d. Maintaining the chain of custody of all evidence collected is recommended, not required. QUESTION 1 1. Which of the following is a diagnostic label that is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-TR? 2. 3. a 4. Premenstrual . dysphoric disorder 5. 6. b 7. Premenstrual . magnification 8. 9. c 10.Dysmenorrhea . 11. 12.d 13.Premenstrual . syndrome 1. About half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended and occur most frequently in women who: 2. 3. a 4. Are married or divorced . 5. 6. b 7. Have finished high school . 8. 9. c 10.Are between the ages of . 18 and 24 11. 12.d 13.Are members of the . majority group What is one factor that can reduce the risk for the development of ovarian cancer? a. Multiple pregnancies b. Transvaginal ultrasounds c. Identification of recurrence d. Weight loss What percentage of toxic shock syndrome cases are related to menses? a. 50% b. 25% c. 75% d. 90% Tubal sterilization for women who have completed their families is highly effective, but there are disadvantages such as: a. Women are less likely to use condoms or return for health services. b. There is a decreased risk of ovarian cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease. c. There is a high likelihood of complications and side effects. d. The surgery is not covered by insurance. Women who report experiencing the most severe symptoms of PMS tend to be: In their late 40s 1. 2. a 3. In their . late 40s 4. 5. b 6. In their . early 20s 7. 8. c 9. In their . late teens 10. 11.d 12.In their . late 30s What is the definition of primary amenorrhea? a. The cessation of menses for an interval of 6 months b. The failure to begin menses by age 14 c. The cessation of menses due to outflow tract obstruction d. The failure to begin menses by age 16 How many stages does the Tanner scale use to stage sexual maturity? a. 3 stages b. 5 stages c. 6 stages d. 8 stages Which contraceptive methods have inherent failure rates? 1. 2. a . 3. None 4. 5. b . 6. Some 7. 8. c . 9. All 10. 11.d . 12.All except sterilization What is the most common type of menstrual dysfunction related to hyperandrogenism? a. Painful menstruation b. Absence of menses c. Irregular bleeding d. Early menopause Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are among the most extensively studied medications available. Which one of the following statements about their use has been found to be true? a. Broad-spectrum antibiotics may enhance their efficacy. b. They do not increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. c. They decrease the relative risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers. d. Among possible side effects are acne, hirsuitism, and benign breast conditions. Many patients experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) meet the criteria for diagnosing PTSD. Those criteria include all of the following except: 1. 2. a 3. Experiencing a traumatic . event 4. 5. b 6. Reexperiencing the . traumatic event 7. 8. c 9. Numbness and avoidance . 10. 11.d 12.Hypovigilance . Which of the following is an ethical issue that is specifically associated with pre-implantation testing with ART? 1. 2. a 3. Ownership of frozen embryos after the couple has divorced . 4. 5. b 6. A surrogate deciding she does not want to relinquish the infant . 7. 8. c. 9. Genetic engineering and the ability to reject embryos affected by inherited disorders 10. 11.d 12.The implantation of multiple embryos, which can create high risk for the embryos . and the woman The ________ is probably the most widely used intimate partner violence (IPV) screen. a. Three-question AAS (McFarlane et al., 1992) b. Campbell’s Danger Assessment (2003) c. Sheridan’s HARASS Instrument d. Helton’s nine-question AAS What is the term for the absence of menses for 3 to 6 months in a woman who has previously menstruated and is not pregnant, breastfeeding, or menopausal? 1. 2. a . 3. Primary amenorrhea 4. 5. b . 6. Initial dysmenorrhea 7. 8. c . 9. Secondary amenorrhea 10. 11.d . 12.Primary dysmenorrhea Among women age 55 years and older: a. Macromastia is the most common cause of breast masses. b. Breast masses are presumed malignant until proven otherwise. c. Most breast masses decrease in size over time and many resolve completely. d. Diagnostic imaging of a breast mass and tissue sampling should be deferred. Both very young and elderly sexual assault victims: 1. 2. a 3. Are addressed in most state mandatory reporting laws . 4. 5. b 6. never has any difficulty describing the incident and related . symptoms 7. 8. c 9. Require the same equipment for proper examination that . others do 10. 11.d 12.Have fewer injuries than victims of other age groups . What is the major source of normal vaginal secretions? a. Bartholin’s glands b. Apocrine glands c. Sebaceous glands d. Cervical mucosa Which one of the following statements about intimate partner violence (IPV) is false? 1. 2. a. 3. It refers to an escalating pattern of abuse. 4. 5. b. 6. It includes emotional abuse, such as disregarding what a woman wants. 7. 8. c. 9. It includes using physical force to make a woman engage in a sexual act against her will. 10. 11.d. 12.It refers to a current or former spouse or dating partner of the opposite sex, not someone of the same sex. How is being overweight defined on the BMI table? a. 18–29.9 b. 20–29.9 c. 25–29.9 d. 30 or greater What has contributed to the decreased incidence of hepatitis B over the past 20 years? 1. 2. a 3. The decrease in PID . 4. 5. b 6. The HBV vaccination . 7. 8. c 9. The increase in condom . use 10. 11.d 12.More precise screening . methods Which are the most common forms of hepatitis seen in women’s health practices? a. A and B b. A and D c. B, C, and D d. B and C The factors that enable women to enjoy and control their sexual and reproductive lives, including a physical and emotional state of well-being and the quality of sexual and other close relationships, make up a woman’s: 1. 2. a . 3. Sexual health 4. 5. b . 6. Gender identity 7. 8. c . 9. Gender role behaviors 10. 11.d . 12.Psychosocial orientation What test should be ordered for a woman who is experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) as well as headaches and peripheral vision changes? a. Thyroid-stimulating hormone test b. Nucleic acid amplification test c. Complete blood count d. Prolactin level test Surgical abortion represents an option for women who desire termination of pregnancy beyond: 1. 2. a . 3. 8 weeks’ gestation 4. 5. b . 6. 12 weeks’ gestation 7. 8. c . 9. 4 weeks’ gestation 10. 11.d . 12.15 weeks’ gestation What population of women should be screened for signs and symptoms of thyroid dysfunction? 1. 2. a 3. All women . 4. 5. b 6. Older women . 7. 8. c 9. Older women, smokers, and women with diabetes . 10. 11.d 12.Older women, postpartum women, and women with . Down syndrome All of the following diagnostic testing and procedures are now infrequently performed in clinical practice except: 1. 2. a . 3. Hysterosalpingo gram 4. 5. b . 6. Sperm penetration assay 7. 8. c . 9. The postcoital test (PCT) 10. 11.d . 12.Endometrial biopsy (EMB) The most common site for endometrial implants found in other parts of the body is: 1. 2. a . 3. The appendix 4. 5. b . 6. The uterus 7. 8. c . 9. The ovaries 10. 11.d . 12.The fallopian tubes Women who have had toxic shock syndrome should be instructed not to use tampons or: a. Barrier contraception methods b. Hormonal contraception methods c. Intravaginal antibiotic cream d. Oral antibiotics Cyclic mastalgia: a. More likely causes unilateral, localized pain that is sharp or burning in nature b. Has an increased risk of occurrence in women whose diets are low in fat c. Occurs most frequently in women who are 18 to 30 years old d. Is caused by hormonal changes associated with menstruation The incidence of uterine fibroids: 1. 2. a 3. Increases with age . 4. 5. b 6. Decreases with age . 7. 8. c 9. Is often caused by early . menopause 10. 11.d 12.Is related to the age of . first menses Patients presenting for STI treatment should be screened for HIV: a. At each visit b. At the end of treatment c. At the beginning of treatment d. Each year 1. What screening recommendation is similar across all groups for colorectal cancer? 2. 3. a 4. Screening women age 76 to 85 based on . risk factors 5. 6. b 7. Screening only for those women at . increased risk 8. 9. c 10.Screening for all women starting at age . 50 11. 12.d 13.Against routine screening in adults age 76 . and over Approximately what percentage of vulvar cancers occur in women older than the age of 50? a. 50% b. 70% c. 85% d. 60% Signs of endometrial or cervical cancer may present abnormal uterine bleeding, often as heavy, prolonged bleeding or: 1. 2. a 3. Menomet . rorrhagia 4. 5. b . 6. Amenorrh ea 7. 8. c . 9. Oligome norrhea 10. 11.d . 12.Polymeno rrhea In the GTPAL system for recording pregnancy history, the “T” stands for: a. Term births b. Terminal pregnancies c. Total number of pregnancies d. Type of birth (spontaneous, assisted, or cesarean) What is now thought to be the most important causative agent in cervical cancer? a. PCOS b. Vulvar cancer c. Herpes simplex d. HPV The most common sites of metastatic spread of invasive breast cancer include all of the following except: 1. 2. a . 3. Bone s 4. 5. b . 6. Lung s 7. 8. c . 9. Pitui tary 10. 11.d . 12.Lym ph node s Who should be screened regularly for STIs? a. Women who have more than one sexual partner b. Women over the age of 21 c. Women who are sexually active d. Women over the age of 15 What is a common vasomotor symptom of menopause? 1. 2. a . 3. Bloo d clots 4. 5. b . 6. Nigh t swea ts 7. 8. c . 9. Oste opor osis 10. 11.d . 12.Hyst erect omy What is the best definition of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)? a. Uterine bleeding for which no pelvic pathology is found b. Uterine bleeding that is irregular during a woman’s menstrual cycle c. Uterine bleeding that is irregular in amount or frequency d. Uterine bleeding that is related to systemic conditions What should be the clinician’s first objective after learning the chief reason the woman desires care? a. To give the reason or problem a structural and chronological framework b. To probe for any additional concerns missed c. To take a family history related to the presenting concern d. To gain insight into the woman’s cultural and social influences No risk factors other than age are identifiable in ______ of women with breast cancer. a. 100% b. 85% c. 60% d. 24% The highest prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) is found among women ages: a. 18–20 b. 20–24 c. 25–30 d. 30–35 Although barrier contraception methods are less effective in preventing pregnancy than more modern methods, interest in them is on the rise because they: a. Can help protect against STIs, including HIV b. Are coitus dependent and require planning c. Are nonallergenic and male controlled d. Involve the use of hormones Course Test Started Submitted Due Date Status Attempt Score Time Elapsed Results Displayed • Question 1 2 out of 2 points Who should be screened regularly for STIs? Selected c. Answer: Women who are sexually active • Question 2 2 out of 2 points All of the following diagnostic testing and procedures are now infrequently performed in clinical practice except: Selected d. Answer: Endometrial biopsy (EMB) • Question 3 2 out of 2 points Which organism causes 90% of vulvovaginal candidiasis episodes in women? Selected b. Answer: Candida albicans • Question 4 2 out of 2 points Which one of the following statements about the subdermal progestin implant is false? Selected b. Answer: After removal, its contraceptive effects last 10 more months on average. • Question 5 2 out of 2 points What can bacterial vaginosis lead to? Selected b. Answer: Pelvic inflammatory disease • Question 6 0 out of 2 points What test should be ordered for a woman who is experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) as well as headaches and peripheral vision changes? Selected a. Answer: Thyroid-stimulating hormone test • Question 7 2 out of 2 points The USPSTF assigns a certainty level to assess the net benefit of a preventive service based on: Selected a. Answer: The nature of the overall evidence available • Question 8 2 out of 2 points Gender is rooted in _____________ and shaped by ________________ . Selected c. Answer: Biology, environment and experience • Question 9 2 out of 2 points In women of reproductive age, the most common cause of a bleeding pattern that is suddenly different is: Selected d. Answer: A complication of pregnancy • Question 10 2 out of 2 points What is the definition of physiologic menopause? Selected b. Answer: 12 months since the last menstrual period • Question 11 2 out of 2 points What should be the clinician’s first objective after learning the chief reason the woman desires care? Selected a. Answer: To give the reason or problem a structural and chronological framework • Question 12 2 out of 2 points Which of the following might be a sign of hyperandrogenism? Selected d. Answer: Acne associated with menstrual dysfunction • Question 13 2 out of 2 points How does topical application of eflornithine treat facial hirsutism? Selected a. Answer: It slows the rate of hair growth. • Question 14 2 out of 2 points Painful menstrual periods may be related to functional uterine contractions in ovulatory women, which is known as: Selected c. Answer: Primary dysmenorrhea • Question 15 2 out of 2 points Women’s health risks, treatments, and approaches are not always based in science and biology because: Selected b. Answer: They are determined by social expectations and gender assumptions. • Question 16 2 out of 2 points The American College of Nurse-Midwives recently revised its definition and scope of midwifery to include treatment of: Selected a. Answer: Male partners for sexually transmitted infections • Question 17 2 out of 2 points The most common sites of metastatic spread of invasive breast cancer include all of the following except: Selected c. Answer: Pituitary • Question 18 2 out of 2 points Why is acknowledging the oppression of women more difficult within Western societies? Selected d. Answer: Affluence and increased opportunities mask oppression. • Question 19 2 out of 2 points Hyperandrogenism in reproductive-age women is most frequently associated with: Selected b. Answer: Polycystic ovary syndrome • Question 20 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is considered primary prevention? Selected a. Answer: Targeted immunization • Question 21 2 out of 2 points Under what conditions is a rectovaginal examination most useful? Selected d. Answer: If the uterus is retroflexed or retroverted • Question 22 2 out of 2 points How do systemic antiviral drugs treat genital herpes? Selected a. Answer: They can control the symptoms. • Question 23 2 out of 2 points According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the presence of a disease state: Selected d. Answer: Does not exclude a person from being considered healthy • Question 24 0 out of 2 points What is the USPSTF recommendation regarding firearms? Selected b. Answer: Store in locked compartments • Question 25 2 out of 2 points The factors that enable women to enjoy and control their sexual and reproductive lives, including a physical and emotional state of well-being and the quality of sexual and other close relationships, make up a woman’s: Selected a. Answer: Sexual health • Question 26 2 out of 2 points Routine HPV vaccination is recommended for girls of what age? Selected d. Answer: 11–12 • Question 27 0 out of 2 points Which one of the following statements about intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is false? Selected a. Answer: It affects women more than the most serious antepartum complications. • Question 28 2 out of 2 points Which type of counseling results in a statistically significant reduction in STIs? Selected b. Answer: Counseling delivered in multiple individual or group sessions totaling more than 3 hours • Question 29 2 out of 2 points Many patients experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) meet the criteria for diagnosing PTSD. Those criteria include all of the following except: Selected d. Answer: Hypovigilance • Question 30 2 out of 2 points The first line of treatment for mastalgia, which is effective for 85 percent of women who have mild or moderate symptoms, is: Selected a. Answer: Reassurance • Question 31 2 out of 2 points What procedure is used to evaluate abnormal Pap smears and genital tract lesions? Selected a. Answer: Colposcopy • Question 32 0 out of 2 points For women and men with infertility an option that involves a sperm or egg donor is called: Selected a. Answer: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) • Question 33 2 out of 2 points What had been a significant problem in medical research well into the 1990s? Selected b. Answer: The lack of representation of women in research trials • Question 34 0 out of 2 points What area of injury prevention is a focus of the USPSTF’s guidelines for counseling all healthy, asymptomatic women? Selected a. Answer: All of the above • Question 35 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is associated with increased risk of endometriosis? Selected c. Answer: Early menarche • Question 36 2 out of 2 points Cyclic mastalgia: Selected d. Answer: Is caused by hormonal changes associated with menstruation • Question 37 2 out of 2 points An initial or primary genital herpes infection characteristically lasts about: Selected b. Answer: 3 weeks • Question 38 0 out of 2 points The HPV vaccine has been proven to be effective in protecting against the four types of HPV that cause genital warts and cervical cancers for as long as: Selected a. Answer: 10 years • Question 39 2 out of 2 points Mammary duct ectasia: Selected d. Answer: Discharge may be green, brown, or black in color • Question 40 2 out of 2 points What treatment was introduced in the 1990s as a less invasive alternative to hysterectomy? Selected c. Answer: Endometrial ablation • Question 41 2 out of 2 points What is the leading preventable cause of death across all populations in the United States? Selected b. Answer: Tobacco • Question 42 2 out of 2 points Tubal sterilization for women who have completed their families is highly effective, but there are disadvantages such as: Selected a. Answer: Women are less likely to use condoms or return for health services. • Question 43 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is a new focus area added for Healthy People 2020? Selected b. Answer: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health • Question 44 2 out of 2 points The P in the mnemonic EMPOWER is meant to help the clinician remember to: Selected c. Answer: Provide information about domestic violence • Question 45 2 out of 2 points What is the danger of giving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to menopausal women with an intact uterus? Selected d. Answer: A higher risk of endometrial cancer • Question 46 2 out of 2 points Exercise-induced amenorrhea is probably due to the combination of low body fat and decreased secretion of: Selected d. Answer: GnRH • Question 47 2 out of 2 points The most common benign breast masses are: Selected c. Answer: Fibroadenomas and cysts • Question 48 2 out of 2 points What screening recommendation is similar across all groups for colorectal cancer? Selected c. Answer: Screening for all women starting at age 50 • Question 49 0 out of 2 points What is one of the side effects of hormonal contraceptives? Selected [None Answer: Given] • Question 50 2 out of 2 points What is the most common symptom of bacterial vaginosis? Selected c. Answer: Fishy odor Powered by TCPDF ()