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Samenvatting Anatomie H8

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Anatomie hoofdstuk 8

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Anatomie: Het zenuwstelsel
1. Inleiding
Twee orgaanstelsels coördineren alle andere orgaanstelsels
 Kenmerken zenuwstelsel
o Snelle response
o Korte duur
 Kenmerken hormoonstelsel
o Tragere response
o Lange duur

Twee anatomische gedeelten
 Centraal zenuwstelsel (CZS)
o Hersenen
o Ruggenmerg
 Perifeer zenuwstelsel (PZS)
o Al het zenuwweefsel buiten het CZS
o Afferent gedeelte (sensorische info)
o Efferent gedeelte (motorische info)
 Somatisch zenuwstelsel
 Autonoom zenuwstelsel

, 2. Celorganisatie in zenuwweefsel
Twee soorten zenuwcellen
 Neuronen
o Voor overdracht, verwerking en opslag van informatie
 Neuroglia
o Ondersteunend netwerk voor neuronen
o Fagocyten

Drie soorten neuronen
 Sensorische neuronen
o Leveren informatie aan CZS
 Motorische neuronen
o Stimuleren of remmen perifeer weefsel
 Interneuronen (associatieneuronen)
o Zitten tussen sensorische en motorische neuronen
o Analyseren inkomende informatie, coördineren uitgaande informatie

Anatomie neuronen
 Cellichaam
o Kern
o Mitochondriën, ruw endoplasmatisch reticulum, andere organellen
 Dendrieten
o Verschillende vertakkingen
o Ontvangst signalen (inkomend)
 Axon
o Geleiding signalen (uitgaand)
 Synapsknopen

De anatomie van een representatieve zenuwcel




Indeling neuronen naar bouw

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