N5334 EXAM 3 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 3 (WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS)

N5334 EXAM 3 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 3 (WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS)  What drugs are used to treat gestational diabetes? o Metformin and Insulin  What A1C value indicates diabetes mellitus? Pre-DM? o 6.5% or greater is considered diabetes o 5.7-6.4% pre-diabetes  What fasting and random values indicate DM? o Fasting plasma glucose—126 or greater is diabetes o Random (casual) plasma glucose—anything greater than 200 is diabetes  What are complications of insulin therapy? o Hypoglycemia o Can develop lipohypertrophy  Accumulation of subcutaneous fat that occurs when it is injected too frequently at the same site o Allergic reactions  Characterized by red and intensely itchy welts, breathing becomes difficult  If severe allergy develops:  Desensitization procedure (small doses to larger doses) o Hypokalemia  Promotes the uptake of potassium cells and insulin activates a membrane-bound enzyme with sodium potassium and ATPase that pumps potassium into the cells and sodium out