CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Practice Questions and Answers

CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Practice Questions and Answers The user installed Trojan horse malware. Correct answer- A user used an administrator account to download and install a software application. After the user launched the .exe extension installer file, the user experienced frequent crashes, slow computer performance, and strange services running when turning on the computer. What most likely happened to cause these issues? A worm Correct answer- A security operations center (SOC) analyst investigates the propagation of a memory-resident virus across the network and notices a rapid consumption of network bandwidth, causing a Denial of Service (DoS). What type of virus is this? PUP (potentially unwanted program) Correct answer- A user purchased a laptop from a local computer shop. After powering on the laptop for the first time, the user noticed a few programs like Norton Antivirus asking for permission to install. How would an IT security specialist classify these programs? -Uses lightweight shellcode -Uses low observable characteristic attacks Correct answer- A fileless malicious software can replicate between processes in memory on a local host or over network shares. What other behaviors and techniques would classify malware as fileless rather than a normal virus? (Select all that apply.) -Computer Bots, -Command & Control Correct answer- An attacker is planning to set up a backdoor that will infect a set of specific computers at an organization, to inflict a set of other intrusion attacks remotely. Which of the following will support the attackers' plan? (Select all that apply.) -Launch a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack -Establish a connection with a Command and Control server -Launch a mass-mail spam attack Correct answer- If a user's computer becomes infected with a botnet, which of the following can this compromise allow the attacker to do? (Select all that apply.) Have up-to-date backups. Correct answer- If a user's device becomes infected with crypto-malware, which of the following is the best way to mitigate this compromise? A logic bomb Correct answer- A security specialist discovers a malicious script on a computer. The script is set to execute if the administrator's account becomes disabled. What type of malware did the specialist discover? Spyware infected the computers. Correct answer- End-users at an organization contact the cybersecurity department. After downloading a file, they are being redirected to shopping websites they did not intend to navigate to, and built-in webcams turn on. The security team confirms the issue as malicious, and notes modified DNS (Domain Name System) queries that go to nefarious websites hosting malware. What most likely happened to the users' computers? A Remote Access Trojan (RAT) Correct answer- An attacker installs Trojan malware that can execute remote backdoor commands, such as the ability to upload files and install software to a victim PC. What type of Trojan malware is this? Password spraying attack Correct answer- A hacker is trying to gain remote access to a company computer by trying brute force password attacks using a few common passwords in conjunction with multiple usernames. What specific type of password attack is the hacker most likely performing? -A rainbow table -A dictionary word Correct answer- An attacker can exploit a weakness in a password protocol to calculate the hash of a password. Which of the following can the attacker match the hash to, as a means to obtain the password? (Select all that apply.) A rainbow table attack Correct answer- Which of the following attacks do security professionals expose themselves to, if they do not salt passwords with a random value? Clone it. Correct answer- How can an attacker make unauthorized use of acquired user and account details from a user's smart card? Skimming Correct answer- What type of attack is occurring when a counterfeit card reader is in use? Cross-site scripting (XSS) Correct answer- An attacker discovered an input validation vulnerability on a website, crafted a URL with additional HTML code, and emailed the link to a victim. The victim unknowingly defaced (vandalized) the web site after clicking on the malicious URL. No other malicious operations occurred outside of the web application's root directory. This scenario is describing which type of attack? DLL injection Correct answer- An attacker escalated privileges to a local administrator and used code refactoring to evade antivirus detection. The attacker then allowed one process to attach to another and forced the operating system to load a malicious binary package. What did the attacker successfully perform? LDAP injection Correct answer- Using an open connection to a small company's network, an attacker submitted arbitrary queries on port 389 to the domain controllers. The attacker initiated the query from a client computer. What type of injection attack did the attacker perform? A malicious process can alter the execution environment to create a null pointer, and crash the program. Correct answer- How can the lack of logic statement tests on memory location variables be detrimental to software in development? A buffer overflow Correct answer- An attacker gained remote access to a user's computer by exploiting a vulnerability in a piece of software on the device. The attacker sent data that was able to manipulate the memory size that the application reserved to store expected data. Which vulnerability exploit resulted from the attacker's actions? Race condition Correct answer- Developers found a "time of check to time of use" (TOCTTOU) vulnerability in their application. The vulnerability made it possible to change temporary data created within the app before the app uses the data later. This vulnerability is taking advantage of what process in the application? Revealing database server configuration Correct answer- A web application's code prevents the output of any type of information when an error occurs during a request. The development team cited security reasons as to why they developed the application in this way. What sort of security issues did the team have concerns about in this case? Replay attack Correct answer- An intruder monitors an admin's unsecure connection to a server and finds some required data, like a cookie file, that legitimately establishes a session with a web server. Knowing the admin's logon credentials, what type of attack can the intruder perform with the cookie file? Server-side request forgery Correct answer- An attacker submitted a modified uniform resource locator (URL) link to a website that eventually established connections to back-end databases and exposed internal service configurations. The attacker did not hijack a user to perform this attack. This describes which of the following types of attacks? Cross-site Request Forgery (XSRF) Correct answer- An attacker modified the HTML code of a legitimate password-change web form, then hosted the .html file on the attacker's web server. The attacker then emailed a URL link of the hosted file to a real user of the web page. Once the user clicked the link, it changed the user's password to a value the attacker set. Based on this information, what type of attack is the website vulnerable to? -Key discovery -Improper error handling Correct answer- The latest web application, using default settings, is currently accepting application programming interface (API) calls over HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The environment has a moderate key management system. Even with basic server security, the API connection is vulnerable to which of the following? (Select all that apply.) -Resource exhaustion -Denial of service (DoS) -Amplification Correct answer- Which of the following conditions are results of a SYN (synchronize) flood attack? (Select all that apply.) A shim Correct answer- By compromising a Windows XP application that ran on a Windows 10 machine, an attacker installed persistent malware on a victim computer with local administrator privileges. What should the attacker add to the registry, along with its files added to the system folder, to execute this malware? Refactoring Correct answer- Through what method can malware evade antivirus software detection, so that the software no longer identifies the malware by its signature? -A pass-the-hash attack -A replay attack Correct answer- A security engineer implemented once-only tokens and timestamping sessions. What type of attacks can this type of security prevent? (Select all that apply.) A rogue access point (AP) Correct answer- A security analyst's scans and network logs show that unauthorized devices are connecting to the network. After tracing this down, the analyst discovered a tethered smartphone creating a backdoor to gain access to the network. Which of the following describes this device? Bluesnarfing Correct answer- An attacker used an exploit to steal information from a mobile device, which allowed the attacker to circumvent the authentication process. The mobile device is vulnerable to which of the following attacks? -Locate the offending radio source and disable it. -Boost the signal of the legitimate equipment. Correct answer- An attacker used an illegal access point (AP) with a very strong signal near a wireless network. If the attacker performed a jamming attack, which of the following would mitigate this type of network disruption? (Select all that apply.) IV attacks Correct answer- Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) fixes critical vulnerabilities in the earlier wired equivalent privacy (WEP) standard. Understanding that WPA uses a combination of an RC4 stream cipher and Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), this makes a wireless access point NOT vulnerable to which of the following attacks when related to encrypted wireless packets? A Man-in-the-Middle attack Correct answer- A malicious user sniffed credentials exchanged between two computers by intercepting communications between them. What type of attack did the attacker execute? Domain Name System (DNS) client cache poisoning Correct answer- A hacker corrupted the name:IP records held on the HOSTS file on a client, to divert traffic for a legitimate domain to a malicious IP address. What type of attack did the hacker perform? -Domain reputation -URL redirections Correct answer- External hackers have some access to a company's website and made some changes. Customers have submitted multiple complaints via email for wrong orders and inappropriate images on the website. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) is now worried about the distribution of malware. The company should prepare for which of the following other issues or concerns? (Select all that apply.) Network Correct answer- A low level distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack that involves SYN or SYN/ACK flooding describes what type of attack? Application attack Correct answer- An attacker is preparing to perform what type of attack when the target vulnerabilities include headers and payloads of specific application protocols? PowerShell script Correct answer- A security engineer examined some suspicious error logs on a Windows server that showed attempts to run shellcode to a web application. The shellcode showed multiple lines beginning with Invoke-Command. What type of script is the suspicious code trying to run? Python script Correct answer- A Linux systems admin reported a suspicious .py file that ran on a daily schedule after business hours. The file includes shellcode that would automate Application Programming Interface (API) calls to a web application to get information. What type of script is executing this shellcode? By using VBA code Correct answer- A malicious actor is preparing a script to run with an Excel spreadsheet as soon as the target opens the file. The script includes a few macros designed to secretly gather and send information to a remote server. How is the malicious actor accomplishing this task? Geographical dispersal Correct answer- An application requires continuity of operations within a 24 hour period due to the command and control capabilities it maintains. The failover site must be physically separated from the program office and be available within the required timeframe with live data. Which of the following redundancy solutions best meets the failover requirement? RAID-10 Correct answer- Which Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) combines mirroring and striping and is the better option for mission critical applications? UPS Correct answer- A data center needs to ensure that data is not lost at the system level in the event of a blackout. Servers must stay operable for at least an eight-hour window as part of the response and recovery controls implemented. Which redundancy effort should be put in place to ensure the data remains available? Managed PDUs Correct answer- A system engineer can monitor and control voltage factors in a data center. The engineer can make critical decisions on the center's energy consumption and load balancing. Which device is the engineer likely using to make these decisions? SAN Correct answer- A company requires a means of managing storage centrally and the ability to share the storage with multiple hosts where users can access data quickly, with little to no latency. Which of the following storage architectures would best meet the company's needs? Revert to known state Correct answer- A company has implemented a Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) where the user's desktop operates as a Virtual Machine (VM) on a centralized server. When users log off the machine, any changes made at the VM level are not saved. Which means for ensuring non-persistence has been implemented? Take a snapshot of the server before installing on the server. Correct answer- A system engineer has tested a new application in the lab, and wants to deploy the application on a production server. The server is a virtual machine that processes and stores live data for company employees. Which of the following is the BEST approach for deploying the new application on the server? Tape Correct answer- A system engineer is researching backup solutions that are inexpensive and can store large amounts of data offline. The backup solution must be portable and maintainable for a certain length of time defined in the company's backup recovery plan. Which of the following is the best backup solution? NAS Correct answer- A network administrator is installing a device that uses Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) technologies for redundancy and provides employees remote access so that files can be accessed anywhere. The device does not require licensing and stores data at the file level. Which device is the employee likely installing in the infrastructure? Offline Correct answer- An aviation tracking system maintains flight records for equipment and personnel. The system is a critical command and control system that must maintain an availability rate of 99% for key parameter performance. The cloud service provider (CSP) guarantees a failover to multiple zones if an outage occurs. In addition to the multi-zonal cloud failover, what backup solution would allow the system to maintain data locally? Scalability Correct answer- When workload heavily increased, a company maintained service performance by manually installing an additional load balanced server. What feature of the IT architecture allowed this to occur? Vendor diversity Correct answer- A system engineer enhances the security of a network by adding firewalls to both the external network and the internal company network. The firewalls are products of two separate companies. This is an example of what type of security control practice? Control diversity Correct answer- A startup company adds a firewall, an IDS, and a HIPS to its infrastructure. At the end of the week, they will install HVAC in the server room. The company has scheduled penetration testing every month. Which type of layered security does this represent? DNS Security Extensions Correct answer- An authoritative server for a zone creates a Resource Records Set (RRSet) signed with a zone signing key. From the following Domain Name System (DNS) traits and functions, what does this scenario demonstrate? S/MIME Correct answer- The administrator in an exchange server needs to send digitally signed and encrypted messages. What should the administrator use? SRTP (Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol) Correct answer- An organization uses a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) endpoint for establishing communications with remote branch offices. Which of the following protocols will provide encryption for streaming data during the call? LDAPS (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Secure) Correct answer- A web server will utilize a directory protocol to enable users to authenticate with domain credentials. A certificate will be issued to the server to setup a secure tunnel. Which protocol is ideal for this situation? -Tunnel -Transport Correct answer- A Transport Layer Security (TLS) Virtual Private Network (VPN) requires a remote access server listening on port 443 to encrypt traffic with a client machine. An IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) VPN can deliver traffic in two modes. One mode encrypts only the payload of the IP packet. The other mode encrypts the whole IP packet (header and payload). These two modes describe which of the following? (Select all that apply.) -Establish a guest zone -Upload files using SSH -Use configuration templates Correct answer- Consider the principles of web server hardening and determine which actions a system administrator should take when deploying a new web server in a demilitarized zone (DMZ). FTPES Correct answer- Which of the following protocols would secure file transfer services for an internal network? Directory services Correct answer- Implementing Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Secure (LDAPS) on a web server secures direct queries to which of the following? -Source routing -Route injection -Software exploits Correct answer- Select the vulnerabilities that can influence routing. (Select all that apply.) Provision SSO access Correct answer- Management has set up a feed or subscription service to inform users on regular updates to the network and its various systems and services. The feed is only accessible from the internal network. What else can systems administrators do to limit the service to internal access? -Prevent malicious traffic between VMs -Protection from zero day attacks Correct answer- A small organization operates several virtual servers in a single host environment. The physical network utilizes a physical firewall with NIDS for security. What would be the benefits of installing a Host Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS) at the end points? (Select all that apply.) Measured Boot Correct answer- Which of the following would secure an endpoint and provide attestation signed by a trusted platform module (TPM)? Measured boot will record the presence of unsigned kernel-level code. Correct answer- A support technician reviews a computer's boot integrity capabilities and discovers that the system supports a measured boot process. Which statement accurately describes this process? Input validation Correct answer- A developer writes code for a new application, and wants to ensure protective countermeasures against the execution of SQL injection attacks. What secure coding technique will provide this? -HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) -Content Security Policy (CSP) -Cache-Control Correct answer- A web administrator notices a few security vulnerabilities that need to be addressed on the company Intranet site. The portal must force a secure browsing connection, mitigate script injection, and prevent caching on shared client devices. Determine the secure options to set on the web server's response headers. (Select all that apply.) Static code analysis Correct answer- Which of the following is used to review application code for signatures of known issues before it is packaged as an executable? Dynamic Analysis Correct answer- During the functional testing phase of application development, an application tests for vulnerabilities against the running code. What type of code testing is this? Disk encryption Correct answer- The IT team has purchased a few devices that are compatible with the Trusted Computing Group Security Subsystem Class called Opal. Which of these device specifications will take advantage of Opal's security features? Hardware root of trust Correct answer- A laptop arrives at the company technology lab with a private key embedded, providing full disk encryption. When matched with a public key, what does this system provide? Development Correct answer- Following a secure deployment methodology for custom applications, early code testing would run in which type of environment? Configure scheduling. Correct answer- What can a system administrator configure on two load balanced servers to achieve a round-robin configuration? -Set up efficient east-west traffic. -Set up zero trust. Correct answer- Cloud engineers are considering network segmentation options that will provide the most security between services on the cloud platform. Which of the following would ensure this type of network security is within the cloud? (Select all that apply.) TLS 1.2 Correct answer- A company recently implemented a Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) version that supports Secure Hashing Algorithm-256 (SHA-256) cipher. Which SSL/TLS version was deployed? HTML5 Correct answer- Systems administrators want to set up a way for remote administration from home. Rather than installing a software agent, the solution should use an underlying technology that is available to an application, such as a web browser. Which option would best support these requirements? Broadcast storms Correct answer- A network engineer is plugging in new patch cables and wants to prevent inadvertent disruptions to the network while doing so. What will the engineer prevent if Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is configured on the switches? Provide secure access to DMZ servers. Correct answer- What is a jump server commonly used for? Reverse Proxy Correct answer- A company hosts internal web servers between two firewalls: one firewall at the edge network and another near the internal gateways. These web servers provide multiple services to employees on the road. A recent security audit advised the company to find ways to further secure connections between remote clients and these internal web servers. Which of the following will satisfy the security advice? Signature-based Correct answer- An administrator deploys a basic network intrusion detection (NID) device to identify common patterns of attacks. What detection method does this device use? -Block TCP ports -Allow network protocols Correct answer- A network administrator set up a basic packet filtering firewall using an open-source application running on a Linux virtual machine. The immediate benefit to this deployment is the quick configuration of basic firewall rules. Which of the following reasons may have also influenced the administrator's decision to deploy a stateless, rather than a stateful, firewall? (Select all that apply.) ACL Correct answer- An administrator navigates to the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security. The inbound rules show a custom rule, which assigned the action, "Allow the connection" to all programs, all protocols, and all ports with a scope of 192.168.0.0/24. This is an example of what type of security setting? -Message authentication -Block source routed packets Correct answer- A company is renovating a new office space and is updating all Cisco routers. The up-to-date Internetwork Operating System (IOS) will provide the best protection from zero-day exploits. What other options could a network administrator configure for route security? (Select all that apply.) Use 802.1p header. Correct answer- Users are reporting jittery video communication during routine video conferences. What can a system administrator implement to improve video quality and overall use of the network bandwidth? -WPA2, and not WPA, supports an encryption algorithm based on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) instead of the version of RC4 "patched" with the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP). -WPA2, and not WPA, uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cipher with 128-bit keys. Correct answer- Evaluate and select the differences between WPA and WPA2. (Select all that apply.) -WPA3 -SAE Correct answer- Which wireless configuration provides the most up-to-date and secure way of connecting wireless devices to an office or home network? (Select all that apply.) -Survey a site for signal strength -Determine where to place access points Correct answer- What are the benefits of using Wi-Fi heat maps for wireless networks? (Select all that apply.) Configure VPC endpoint interface. Correct answer- A cloud administrator connects two separate cloud server instances on Amazon Web Services (AWS). How does the administrator configure the instances with private IP addresses without using an Internet gateway? Split segments between VPCs Correct answer- A cloud customer prefers separating storage resources that hold different sets of data in virtual private clouds (VPCs). One of those data sets must comply with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) guidelines for patient data. How should the customer configure these VPCs to ensure the highest degree of network security? -78% average error rate -Spike in API calls Correct answer- A cloud service provider (CSP) dashboard provides a view of all applicable logs for cloud resources and services. When examining the application programming interface (API) logs, the cloud engineer sees some odd metrics. Which of the following are examples that the engineer would have concerns for? (Select all that apply.) The provider is responsible for the availability of the software. Correct answer- A company is looking into integrating on-premise services and cloud services with a cloud service provider (CSP) using an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) plan. As a cloud architect works on architectural design, which of the following statements would NOT apply in this case? Allow list Correct answer- A company set up controls to allow only a specific set of software and tools to install on workstations. A user navigates to a software library to make a selection. What type of method prevents installation of software that is not a part of a library? CASB Correct answer- A company would like to deploy a software service to monitor traffic and enforce security policies in their cloud environment. What tool should the company consider using? CASB Correct answer- A large firm requires better control over mobile users' access to business applications in the cloud. This will require single-sign on and support for different device types. What solution should the company consider using? -A solution that is known as zone-redundant storage. -Access is available if a single data center is destroyed. Correct answer- An organization moves its data to the cloud. Engineers utilize regional replication to protect data. Review the descriptions and conclude which ones apply to this configuration. (Select all that apply.) -Regional replication -High availability Correct answer- Cloud service providers make services available around the world through a variety of methods. The concept of a zone assumes what type of service level? (Select all that apply.) Next-generation secure web gateway Correct answer- Determine a solution that can combine with a cloud access security broker (CASB) to provide a wholly cloud-hosted platform for client access? Resource policies Correct answer- If managed improperly, which of the following would be most detrimental to access management of cloud-based storage resources? Layer 7 - Application Layer Correct answer- When implementing a native-cloud firewall, which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model will require the most processing capacity to filter traffic based on content? Dynamic resource allocation Correct answer- Which of the following makes it possible for cloud service providers (CSP) to create a virtual instance and container simultaneously? Namespaces Control Groups Correct answer- Which of the following will reduce the risk of data exposure between containers on a cloud platform? (Select all that apply.) Storage Correct answer- Which aspect of certificate and key management should an administrator consider when trying to mitigate or prevent the loss of private keys? In the Subject Alternative Name (SAN) Correct answer- The system administrator is installing a web server certificate and receives an error indicating the server does not accept wild card certificates. After examining the certificate, the system admin notices the problem. Determine the specific location where the admin found the problem. Code signing Correct answer- Employees have the ability to download certain applications onto their workstations to complete work functions. The CIO installed a reliable method to ensure that no modifications to the application have occurred. What method of validation did the CIO implement? Root Correct answer- A network administrator is importing a list of certificates from an online source, so that employees can use a chain of trust and communicate securely with public websites. Which type of certificate is the network administrator currently importing? Convert to a .pem file Correct answer- A security engineer must install a X.509 certificate to a computer system, but it is not accepted. The system requires a Base64 encoded format. What must the security engineer execute to properly install this certificate? PFX Correct answer- Which certificate format allows the transfer of private keys and is password protected? -An online CA is needed in order to publish a CRL. -An online root is required to add an intermediate CA. Correct answer- A company has a two-level certificate authority (CA) hierarchy. One of the CA servers is offline, while the others are online. Which statements are TRUE of online and offline CAs? (Select all that apply.) OCSP stapling Correct answer- There are several ways to check on the status of an online certificate, but some introduce privacy concerns. Consider how each of the following is structured, and select the option with the best ability to hide the identity of the certificate status requestor. Use certificate pinning Correct answer- An independent penetration testing company is invited to test a company's legacy banking application developed for Android phones. It uses Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) certificates. Penetrations tests reveal the connections with clients were vulnerable to a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attack. How does the company prevent this from happening in the public Internet? Trust model Correct answer- In a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), which option best describes how users and multiple Certificate Authorities (CA) interact with each other in a large environment? Key escrow Correct answer- A company with multiple types of archived encrypted data is looking to archive the keys needed to decrypt the data. However, the company wants to separate the two in order to heavily guard these keys. Analyze the scenario to determine the most likely key placement. Use correct certificate path. Correct answer- A company has two web servers using a load-balance configuration. Users report having periodic trust errors connecting to the website. Both servers are using server-only certificates. Which of the following actions would most likely resolve the issue? openssl genrsa -aes256 -out 1024 Correct answer- A public key infrastructure (PKI) is being set up for a logistics company, utilizing OpenSSL. Which of the following commands can the team use, when setting up the PKI, to create an encrypted RSA key pair? Public cloud Correct answer- A new cloud service provider (CSP) leases resources to multiple organizations (or customers) around the world. Each customer is independent and does not share the same cloud storage resource. The customers use an on-demand payment plan. Which cloud model is the CSP most likely providing to its customers? -nmap .x.x -O -nmap .x.x -A Correct answer- A penetration tester is experimenting with Nmap on a test network. The tester would like to know the operating system of the target device. Select all Nmap commands that will provide the tester with OS information. (Select all that apply.) -hpingterm-129 -Nmap Correct answer- A penetration tester is testing a network's vulnerability. The first test to perform is to test how well the network's firewall responds to a flood-based Denial of Service (DoS) attack. What software tools can perform both packet sniffing and a DoS attack? (Select all that apply.) Route Correct answer- A cybersecurity investigator is investigating a breach, and the method of entry is not yet known. The investigator decides to begin by checking for suspicious entries in the routing table. Select the command-line tool that will enable the investigator to directly access the table. Sn1per Correct answer- A new cybersecurity analyst is working at their first job. The analyst requires a penetration test reporting and evidence gathering framework that can run automated tests through integration with Metasploit. Recommend a framework that will fulfill the analyst's needs. scanless Correct answer- A white-hat penetration tester is simulating an attack to check for vulnerabilities. The first step is to determine if the pen tester can scan for ports or services that have been left open, without being detected by the Intrusion Prevention System (IPS). Recommend a tool that fits the pen tester's requirements. dnsenum Correct answer- A cybersecurity student has been using dig and whois to query hosting records and check external DNS services when a fellow student recommends a tool that packages similar functions and tests into a single query. Conclude what tool the student recommended. Nessus Correct answer- After a security breach, a cybersecurity analyst decides to cross-check the services and software installed on the breached network against lists of known vulnerabilities. Prescribe a software tool best suited for the analyst's purpose. Cuckoo Correct answer- A malware expert wants to examine a new worm that is infecting Windows devices. Verify the sandbox tool that will enable the expert to contain the worm and study it in its active state. head -n 15 /var/log/hostnames Correct answer- Identify the command that will output only the 15 oldest entries in the log file called hostnames. tail -n 15 /var/log/hostnames Correct answer- Identify the command that will output the 15 most recent entries in the log file called hostnames. cat Correct answer- A network technician working for a three-letter intelligence organization has to troubleshoot a specialized, air-gapped Linux device without asking any questions. The technician only has access to the CLI and needs to read a log file, without a GUI, and without network access. Outline the command that will easily enable the technician to view the file from the command line. logger -f hostnames Correct answer- An administrator of a Linux network is writing a script to transfer a list of local host names, contained in a file called hostnames, directly into the syslog file. Predict the CLI command the admin is likely to use to accomplish this. -tcpdump -tshark Correct answer- A systems administrator recently hardened two servers (Linux and Windows), disabling unused ports and setting up a software firewall to block specific port connections and protocols. These servers support employees at an external branch that operates on wireless network connections and laptops. Which of the following tools will help audit the server's security settings with the least amount of effort? (Select all that apply.) Volatility Correct answer- A forensics analyst is attempting a live acquisition of the contents of the memory of a running Linux device. In order to copy the blocked /dev/mem file with memdump or dd, the analyst must install a kernel driver. Recommend a framework that will enable the analyst to install a kernel driver. Autopsy Correct answer- A cyber forensic investigator is analyzing a disk image acquired from a suspect in a major network breach and wants to generate a timeline of events from the image. Predict the tool the investigator will use to piece together a timeline of events so that they can tie the hacker's disk to the breach in question. Gather employee login credentials. Correct answer- A security event popped up, alerting security of a suspicious user gaining access to, and copying files from, the %SystemRoot%NTDS file path on a server. What is the user trying to do? -Use the DoD 5220.22-M method -Degauss media with a magnet Correct answer- A government agency is getting rid of older workstations. The agency will donate these workstations, along with other excess computer systems, to nearby schools. Management reminds the systems administrators about the data sanitization and disposal policy. What policy items are applicable for these IT systems, prior to donating to the schools? (Select all that apply.) Quarantine Correct answer- An incident involving a data breach is under investigation at a major video game software company. The incident involves the unauthorized transfer of a sensitive file to an outside source (a leak). During the investigation, employees find that they cannot access the original file at all. Verify the data loss prevention (DLP) terminology that describes what has been done to the file in question. Revoke the host's certificates. Correct answer- A network administrator for a large oil company has discovered that a host on the company network has been compromised by an attacker spoofing digital certificates. Recommend an immediate response that does not require generating new certificates. -Blackhole -Physical disconnection/air gapping -Sandboxing Correct answer- Select the methods of containment based on the concept of isolation. Containment Correct answer- The marketing department at a local organization has detected malicious activity on several computers. In response, IT personnel have disconnected the marketing switch from the network. Identify which incident response lifecycle step IT has enacted. -Sinkhole -Honeynet Correct answer- Select the methods of incident containment based on the concept of segmentation. (Select all that apply.) -Query strings to identify incident types -When to report compliance incidents -Incident categories and definitions Correct answer- A resident cybersecurity expert is putting together a playbook. Evaluate the elements that the security expert should include in the playbook. (Select all that apply.) Reputation damage Correct answer- Hackers infiltrated a home furnishings store's network six months ago. The hackers obtained customer information to include account and payment data. Since the breach, sales have gone down, and customers have closed accounts with the store. Which of the following consequences is a direct result of the breach? -Reputation damage -Fines -Identity theft Correct answer- Which of the following can be consequences of a data breach? (Select all that apply.) IP theft Correct answer- A hacker uses a spear phishing technique to infiltrate an Information Technology (IT) company's network to steal sensitive data pertaining to new and developing technologies. What is the hacker's goal? Escalate the information to a security manager. Correct answer- A financial institution employee notices from the audit log, that several attempts were made by a user to bypass the authentication process. The user attempted to log in ten times in twenty minutes using various methods, though the user never gained visible access. Which of the following describes what the employee should do next? Data masking Correct answer- An application maintains social security numbers and birthdates as primary keys for personnel tasking of various contingencies and mobility exercises. To maintain the personally identifiable information (PII), which of the following deidentification methods should the application adopt? Data controller Correct answer- An employee is responsible for protecting the privacy and rights of data used and transmitted by an organization. The employee dictates the procedures and purpose of data usage. Which governance role for oversight does the employee maintain? Data processor Correct answer- A third-party vendor collects and analyzes data for a paint supply retailer website. The retailer specifically asks for information, such as what colors customers are searching for regularly and what quantity customers request the most. Which of the following best describes the third-party vendor? Information life cycle Correct answer- A logistics detail facility must maintain transportation data up to 365 days after transaction closeout. At the creation of the transaction, the logistics planner tags the information contained in the file according to classification. The transaction data is protected until disposal. Which data model does this best represent? Privacy notice Correct answer- A website allows a user to apply for a home loan with multiple vendors so that the user can compare lenders' rates. The process requires personal data entered to verify creditworthiness. The website states that the data entered can only obtain loan estimates and shall not be shared with outside agencies or used for any other purpose. Which of the following describes the intent of the statement?