Patho Module Eight Assignment Questions with Answers and Rationales Pulmonary System Disorders

A 50 year old male is evaluated in the emergency room (ER) for a complaint of dyspnea. The dyspnea has become worse over many years but today is especially bad. He reports a history of smoking. His breath sounds are clear but greatly diminished throughout his lungs. ABGs, peak flow test (PF), VQ scan and chest x-ray (CXR) are completed. Results are below. ABGs: pH 7.48, PCO2: 30, HCO3 : 24, PO2 80, SO2 94%. PF: 50% of predicted norm (ie, “low” PF). V/Q scan 0.8. CXR shows hyperinflated aveoli and air trappingA patient has overdosed with heroin. He is unconscious and his RR is 8. Which of the following set of blood gases is most likely, given this information alone?A patient complains of a one-week history of fever, cough, and purulent sputum. The nurse listening to the patient’s lungs notes greatly diminished breath sounds in one area of the left lung and concludes that it is probably an area of consolidation. What statement reflects that the nurse has a good understanding of this situation? a. The patient probably has TB, since he is coughing up blood. b. The diagnosis is probably lobar pneumonia, which is consistent with having a consolidated area of lung tissue. c. The nurse will prepare to help the physician insert a chest tube to reinflate the left lung, as the patient probably has a pneumothorax. d. It is likely that the patient has chronic bronchitis and has developed cor pulmonaleThe nurse taking care of a pulmonary patient notes that he is very thin and barrel-chested, has a respiratory rate of 28, and uses accessory muscles to breathe. 7. The nurse thinks it is most likely that the patient’s S&S are due to a. chronic bronchitis. b. a VQ ratio. c. emphysema. d. Kussmaul respirationsWhat mechanism is likely causing the disturbance noted in question #2? a. Hypoventilation b. Hyperventilation c. Hemoptysis. d. Orthopnea.A patient in the hospital is recovering from hip surgery. She begins to complain of chest pain and dyspnea. Her RR is 30. 1. A lung scan is performed and the V/Q ratio is reported to the nurse as “high.” This patient has most likely suffered a(n) a. MI. b. pulmonary embolus. c. atelectasis. d. episode of pulmonary edema.