NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS (SPIRITUAL, LAND RIGHTS&ECONOMIC AND
SELF-DETERMINATION)
DATE SPIRITUAL LAND RIGHTS & ECONOMIC SELF-DETERMINATION
“INDIAN WAR” The 1869 Trans- Homesteading pushed Navajo Tribal laws eradicated
1865-1870s continental railroad and Apache Indians onto under their status as
disturbed buffalo reservations. Plains Wars Wards of State;
patterns and brought between 1862-68. humiliating for a
more settlers. prideful race to depend
Great Sioux War 1847: Custer on the white man
Reservation policy goes to the Black Hills to protect
actively eradicated railway surveyors and to find Tribal identity was
tribal practice, like gold. Miners were being attacked preserved, albeit
medicine lodges, by Sioux for breaking the Fort precariously, on
polygamy, and Laramie Treaty reservations
hunting
1850-86: Geronimo’s ongoing
Apache resistance to live on their
native land.
By 1871, the Fort Laramie Treaty
was broken, and the Sioux were
forcibly designated their
reservation boundaries (Manifest
Destiny)
GILDED AGE By 1900, only 100,000 Plains
1870s-1910s 1890: Wounded Indians remained (in comparison Kagama v US (1886)
Knee Massacre after to the 240,000 in 1860) due to Federal courts
desperate Sioux influenza and alcoholism and jurisdiction on Indian-
Indians were cornered 1880s drought affecting their on-Indian crimes, even
by the army. This crops if they were committed
uprising was incited on a reservation
by the “Ghost Dance” Grant’s Peace Policy (1870s):
movement, which was appointed missionaries to Curtis Act (1898):
banned on reservations and oversaw the Removed the right to
reservations because Great Sioux War (1875). Whilst be subject to own laws
it prompted the fall of appointed Ely S. Parker, his for the Five Civilised
the white man and resignation and subsequent Tribes.
the return of old tribal media scrutiny of Grant led to a
practice. failed policy. Talton v Mayes
(1896)
1887 Dawes Act: The Great Sioux War (1875) Bill of Rights do not
Ruined matrilineal Sioux were offered $6 million to apply to Wards of State
way of ownership buy the hills, but this was harshly
(Iroquois and rejected Under Dawes Act, the
Cherokee) and the Winter 1875: Sioux, led by Sitting landowning Indian was
land was often sold Bull, refused to move back to the a citizen and paid
way at the detriment reservation and couldn’t either. taxes.
of Indians. Passed Sheridan was called on to treat
after noticing all Indians as hostile, and led to Ex parte Crow Dog
reservation policy had the Battle of Little Bighorn (1883): Tribal crimes
failed for both parties. do not come under
Due to the loss at the Battle of federal jurisdiction
, Carlisle Indian Little Bighorn in 1876, Lakota
Boarding School Sioux had their land reduced and Good Shot v US
began in 1879 were left to starve (Later (1900)
campaigned to regain land) Same jurisdiction if
Education off- Indian on non-Indian
reservations was Lost further 2 million acres of crime
Christianised and land by 1905, by resisting the Montoya v US (1901)
aimed at assimilation. Curtis Act during the Muskogee Not all Indians can be
Children were Convention. Since resources responsible for each
forbidden from were uncovered on the other, reflecting their
speaking their Oklahoma land that the Sioux tribal sovereignty
language and had owned, they were stripped of it US v Winans (1905)
their hair cut short. despite protest. Retain the treaty rights
Whilst Indian children in the way Indians
were equipped to Navajo were successful in understood them
enter the white man’s farming, in reservation lands Winters v US (1908)
system, they could bordering Mexico and Arizona. By Indians had the legal
not reintegrate with 1892, their livestock was at 1.7 right to the water
their culture and were million, and the government running through their
treated with awarded them 10.5 million acres reservation
suspicion. Favoured as an award.
by Theodore
Roosevelt.
Indian Rights
Association (1882):
Christian charity
movement started in
East to help with
assimilation and
dedicated themselves
to education and
denouncing
“dishonest” Indian
Commissioners.
FIRST WORLD Leavitt Bill (1923): Bursum Bill (1922): Choate v Trapp
WAR Banned from Authorised the taking of tribal (1912)
ASSIMILATION practicing some lands (Pueblo, who had resisted Indians exempt from
ERA traditional dances. assimilation the most) allotment taxation
1900s-1930 Spiritual rights were Clairmont v US
now treated with Allotment policy by 1930s had (1912)
suspicion in light of reduced Indian land by more Lacked jurisdiction to
the Ghost Dance than 60%. legislate on Indian
movement. rights to liquor
Lone Wolf v Hitchcock United States v
The Society of (1903): Challenged government Quiver (1916)
American Indians right to ignore treaties and Adultery was not the
(f. 1911-1923) was refused to hand over the land, jurisdiction of the US
created to improve with it being served in Congress’
conditions in favour. Hindered right to land. United States v Nice
education and (1916): Needed a
healthcare but Hoover Proposed the 1928 guardian for protection
SELF-DETERMINATION)
DATE SPIRITUAL LAND RIGHTS & ECONOMIC SELF-DETERMINATION
“INDIAN WAR” The 1869 Trans- Homesteading pushed Navajo Tribal laws eradicated
1865-1870s continental railroad and Apache Indians onto under their status as
disturbed buffalo reservations. Plains Wars Wards of State;
patterns and brought between 1862-68. humiliating for a
more settlers. prideful race to depend
Great Sioux War 1847: Custer on the white man
Reservation policy goes to the Black Hills to protect
actively eradicated railway surveyors and to find Tribal identity was
tribal practice, like gold. Miners were being attacked preserved, albeit
medicine lodges, by Sioux for breaking the Fort precariously, on
polygamy, and Laramie Treaty reservations
hunting
1850-86: Geronimo’s ongoing
Apache resistance to live on their
native land.
By 1871, the Fort Laramie Treaty
was broken, and the Sioux were
forcibly designated their
reservation boundaries (Manifest
Destiny)
GILDED AGE By 1900, only 100,000 Plains
1870s-1910s 1890: Wounded Indians remained (in comparison Kagama v US (1886)
Knee Massacre after to the 240,000 in 1860) due to Federal courts
desperate Sioux influenza and alcoholism and jurisdiction on Indian-
Indians were cornered 1880s drought affecting their on-Indian crimes, even
by the army. This crops if they were committed
uprising was incited on a reservation
by the “Ghost Dance” Grant’s Peace Policy (1870s):
movement, which was appointed missionaries to Curtis Act (1898):
banned on reservations and oversaw the Removed the right to
reservations because Great Sioux War (1875). Whilst be subject to own laws
it prompted the fall of appointed Ely S. Parker, his for the Five Civilised
the white man and resignation and subsequent Tribes.
the return of old tribal media scrutiny of Grant led to a
practice. failed policy. Talton v Mayes
(1896)
1887 Dawes Act: The Great Sioux War (1875) Bill of Rights do not
Ruined matrilineal Sioux were offered $6 million to apply to Wards of State
way of ownership buy the hills, but this was harshly
(Iroquois and rejected Under Dawes Act, the
Cherokee) and the Winter 1875: Sioux, led by Sitting landowning Indian was
land was often sold Bull, refused to move back to the a citizen and paid
way at the detriment reservation and couldn’t either. taxes.
of Indians. Passed Sheridan was called on to treat
after noticing all Indians as hostile, and led to Ex parte Crow Dog
reservation policy had the Battle of Little Bighorn (1883): Tribal crimes
failed for both parties. do not come under
Due to the loss at the Battle of federal jurisdiction
, Carlisle Indian Little Bighorn in 1876, Lakota
Boarding School Sioux had their land reduced and Good Shot v US
began in 1879 were left to starve (Later (1900)
campaigned to regain land) Same jurisdiction if
Education off- Indian on non-Indian
reservations was Lost further 2 million acres of crime
Christianised and land by 1905, by resisting the Montoya v US (1901)
aimed at assimilation. Curtis Act during the Muskogee Not all Indians can be
Children were Convention. Since resources responsible for each
forbidden from were uncovered on the other, reflecting their
speaking their Oklahoma land that the Sioux tribal sovereignty
language and had owned, they were stripped of it US v Winans (1905)
their hair cut short. despite protest. Retain the treaty rights
Whilst Indian children in the way Indians
were equipped to Navajo were successful in understood them
enter the white man’s farming, in reservation lands Winters v US (1908)
system, they could bordering Mexico and Arizona. By Indians had the legal
not reintegrate with 1892, their livestock was at 1.7 right to the water
their culture and were million, and the government running through their
treated with awarded them 10.5 million acres reservation
suspicion. Favoured as an award.
by Theodore
Roosevelt.
Indian Rights
Association (1882):
Christian charity
movement started in
East to help with
assimilation and
dedicated themselves
to education and
denouncing
“dishonest” Indian
Commissioners.
FIRST WORLD Leavitt Bill (1923): Bursum Bill (1922): Choate v Trapp
WAR Banned from Authorised the taking of tribal (1912)
ASSIMILATION practicing some lands (Pueblo, who had resisted Indians exempt from
ERA traditional dances. assimilation the most) allotment taxation
1900s-1930 Spiritual rights were Clairmont v US
now treated with Allotment policy by 1930s had (1912)
suspicion in light of reduced Indian land by more Lacked jurisdiction to
the Ghost Dance than 60%. legislate on Indian
movement. rights to liquor
Lone Wolf v Hitchcock United States v
The Society of (1903): Challenged government Quiver (1916)
American Indians right to ignore treaties and Adultery was not the
(f. 1911-1923) was refused to hand over the land, jurisdiction of the US
created to improve with it being served in Congress’
conditions in favour. Hindered right to land. United States v Nice
education and (1916): Needed a
healthcare but Hoover Proposed the 1928 guardian for protection
