59421843 INC3701 799386
Makhaza Mbongiseni Goodenough
Student number 59421843
Assignment number 02
Module code INC3701
Subject name INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Unique assignment 799386
Number
QUESTION 1
1.1. Define Inclusive Education.
Inclusive education is when all students, regardless of any challenges they may
have, are placed in age-appropriate general education classes that are in their own
neighbourhood schools to receive high-quality instruction, interventions, and supports
that enable them to meet success in the core curriculum.
Successful inclusive education happens primarily through accepting, understanding,
and attending to student differences and diversity, which can include physical,
cognitive, academic, social, and emotional. This is not to say that students never
need to spend time out of regular education classes, because sometimes they do for
a very particular purpose for instance, for speech or occupational therapy. But the
goal is this should be the exception.
1.2. Discuss the following theories underpinning Inclusive Education.
1.2.1. Critical theory and its key principles.
Critical theory is a philosophy that involves questioning society's dominant viewpoint.
Critical theory, in many cases, emphasizes social structure and group culture,
condemning social injustice, discrimination, racial oppression, and other social
inconsistencies. Similarly, critical theory in education is concerned with how our
educational system can best provide education to all people, and peace education is
a type of critical theory that can help to reduce bullying, isolation, and discrimination
in the classroom. The goal of critical theory is to prevent the loss of truth that
previous knowledge has worked so hard to achieve." Critical Theory strives to
contextualize philosophical claims to truth and moral universality without subjecting
them to social and historical conditions, given its focus on human emancipation.. In
fact, discrimination and bullying are on the rise in inclusive education, owing to
students' lack of awareness of the importance of treating unique pupils with respect.
According to critical theory, each person has the right to accept education, and each
person has various strengths and limitations, thus schools, teachers, and students
cannot classify kids based on their weaknesses, and bullying can inflict both physical
and emotional pain.
1.2.2. African philosophies and its key principles.
Respect, human dignity, compassion, solidarity, and consensus are all fundamental
principles articulated by the Ubuntu ideology, which encourages compliance and
commitment to the group. Modern African civilization, on the other hand, is made up
of people from all cultures and backgrounds. There is a philosophy in Africa. Many
1
, 59421843 INC3701 799386
African philosophers have written on the topic of freedom and what it means to be
free or to experience totality. African philosophy is well-developed, as seen by the
philosophy of several Egyptian civilizations.
1.2.3. Social constructivism and its key principles.
Students rely on others to help them develop their own knowledge and reality, and
learning from others helps them do so. In a constructivist classroom, students are
encouraged to expound on their ideas and use evidence to support their viewpoints,
as opposed to traditional education, when students are expected to deliver the one
correct response the instructor is searching for. Teachers can get pupils to articulate
what they're thinking and why they're thinking it through helpful questioning. Students
are encouraged to investigate a part of something they haven't attempted or
considered before through constructivism. Constructivist teaching is all about
challenging and widening student perspectives, whether it's a new product (such
creating a film instead of an essay) or a new point of view. Exploring complicated,
real-world situations allows pupils to interact with the curriculum, according to
constructivism. Students' motivation to learn and understanding of content can be
boosted by tying learning to ideas or situations that are relevant to their life and
interests. Understanding cause and effect, critically assessing materials, and inquiry-
based investigation are all important ideas for kids to acquire. In constructivist
classrooms, lessons are designed to promote mastery of these key concepts or big
ideas. Teachers evaluate students' progress in the classroom on a daily basis.
1.3. Critically analyse the different epistemologies informing different theoretical
assumptions in Inclusive Education.
These are the different epistemologies informing different theoretical
assumption in inclusive education
Educational essentialism is an educational philosophy whose adherents believe that
children should learn the traditional basic subjects thoroughly. Essentialism ensures
that the accumulated wisdom of our civilization as taught in the traditional academic
disciplines is passed on from teacher to student.
Perennialism believes that the focus of education should be the ideas that have
lasted over centuries. They believe the ideas are as relevant and meaningful today
as when they were written. They recommend that students learn from reading and
analysing the works by history's finest thinkers and writers.
Progressivism believes that individuality, progress, and change are fundamental to
one's education. Believing that people learn best from what they consider most
relevant to their lives, progressivists centre their curricula on the needs, experiences,
interests, and abilities of students.
In idealism, the aim of education is to discover and develop each individual's abilities
and full moral excellence in order to better serve society. The curricular emphasis is
subject matter of mind: literature, history, philosophy, and religion.
Social constructivism theory can inform understanding about how play interactions
with peers support the learning of young children with developmental disabilities in
2
Makhaza Mbongiseni Goodenough
Student number 59421843
Assignment number 02
Module code INC3701
Subject name INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Unique assignment 799386
Number
QUESTION 1
1.1. Define Inclusive Education.
Inclusive education is when all students, regardless of any challenges they may
have, are placed in age-appropriate general education classes that are in their own
neighbourhood schools to receive high-quality instruction, interventions, and supports
that enable them to meet success in the core curriculum.
Successful inclusive education happens primarily through accepting, understanding,
and attending to student differences and diversity, which can include physical,
cognitive, academic, social, and emotional. This is not to say that students never
need to spend time out of regular education classes, because sometimes they do for
a very particular purpose for instance, for speech or occupational therapy. But the
goal is this should be the exception.
1.2. Discuss the following theories underpinning Inclusive Education.
1.2.1. Critical theory and its key principles.
Critical theory is a philosophy that involves questioning society's dominant viewpoint.
Critical theory, in many cases, emphasizes social structure and group culture,
condemning social injustice, discrimination, racial oppression, and other social
inconsistencies. Similarly, critical theory in education is concerned with how our
educational system can best provide education to all people, and peace education is
a type of critical theory that can help to reduce bullying, isolation, and discrimination
in the classroom. The goal of critical theory is to prevent the loss of truth that
previous knowledge has worked so hard to achieve." Critical Theory strives to
contextualize philosophical claims to truth and moral universality without subjecting
them to social and historical conditions, given its focus on human emancipation.. In
fact, discrimination and bullying are on the rise in inclusive education, owing to
students' lack of awareness of the importance of treating unique pupils with respect.
According to critical theory, each person has the right to accept education, and each
person has various strengths and limitations, thus schools, teachers, and students
cannot classify kids based on their weaknesses, and bullying can inflict both physical
and emotional pain.
1.2.2. African philosophies and its key principles.
Respect, human dignity, compassion, solidarity, and consensus are all fundamental
principles articulated by the Ubuntu ideology, which encourages compliance and
commitment to the group. Modern African civilization, on the other hand, is made up
of people from all cultures and backgrounds. There is a philosophy in Africa. Many
1
, 59421843 INC3701 799386
African philosophers have written on the topic of freedom and what it means to be
free or to experience totality. African philosophy is well-developed, as seen by the
philosophy of several Egyptian civilizations.
1.2.3. Social constructivism and its key principles.
Students rely on others to help them develop their own knowledge and reality, and
learning from others helps them do so. In a constructivist classroom, students are
encouraged to expound on their ideas and use evidence to support their viewpoints,
as opposed to traditional education, when students are expected to deliver the one
correct response the instructor is searching for. Teachers can get pupils to articulate
what they're thinking and why they're thinking it through helpful questioning. Students
are encouraged to investigate a part of something they haven't attempted or
considered before through constructivism. Constructivist teaching is all about
challenging and widening student perspectives, whether it's a new product (such
creating a film instead of an essay) or a new point of view. Exploring complicated,
real-world situations allows pupils to interact with the curriculum, according to
constructivism. Students' motivation to learn and understanding of content can be
boosted by tying learning to ideas or situations that are relevant to their life and
interests. Understanding cause and effect, critically assessing materials, and inquiry-
based investigation are all important ideas for kids to acquire. In constructivist
classrooms, lessons are designed to promote mastery of these key concepts or big
ideas. Teachers evaluate students' progress in the classroom on a daily basis.
1.3. Critically analyse the different epistemologies informing different theoretical
assumptions in Inclusive Education.
These are the different epistemologies informing different theoretical
assumption in inclusive education
Educational essentialism is an educational philosophy whose adherents believe that
children should learn the traditional basic subjects thoroughly. Essentialism ensures
that the accumulated wisdom of our civilization as taught in the traditional academic
disciplines is passed on from teacher to student.
Perennialism believes that the focus of education should be the ideas that have
lasted over centuries. They believe the ideas are as relevant and meaningful today
as when they were written. They recommend that students learn from reading and
analysing the works by history's finest thinkers and writers.
Progressivism believes that individuality, progress, and change are fundamental to
one's education. Believing that people learn best from what they consider most
relevant to their lives, progressivists centre their curricula on the needs, experiences,
interests, and abilities of students.
In idealism, the aim of education is to discover and develop each individual's abilities
and full moral excellence in order to better serve society. The curricular emphasis is
subject matter of mind: literature, history, philosophy, and religion.
Social constructivism theory can inform understanding about how play interactions
with peers support the learning of young children with developmental disabilities in
2
