Khansa Zahid
Id number: 40176861
Unit 10: aim B
, P2 Stages involved in human respiratory system
Respiration produces adenosine triphosphate; this acts as a store of chemical energy and is
able to be released whenever it is needed by the cell. There are four stages of respiration,
these are:
1. Glycolysis
2. Link reaction
3. Krebs cycle
4. Oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis is the only process that involves in anaerobic respiration. Link reaction, Krebs
cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are all aerobic respiration.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm .Firstly, a phosphate group is added to glucose. This
produces glucose phosphate. The phosphate group that is released by the hydrolysis of ATP
phosphorylases the glucose. To help this reaction, a catalyst called hexokinase is involved.
The atom in the glucose phosphate move positions and causes the molecule to transform
from glucose phosphate into fructose phosphate. The enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase
catalyses the change in atom arrangement. This catalyst is an isomer. Isomers are
molecules with the same atoms, however are arranged differently. Another phosphate group
is released due to another ATP molecule becoming hydrolysed. This released phosphate
group is added to the fructose phosphate. Resulting in the molecule being now called
fructose bisphosphate. The enzyme phosphofructokinase catalyses this reaction. The new
molecule fructose bisphosphate is split into two molecules of glyceraldehyde
Id number: 40176861
Unit 10: aim B
, P2 Stages involved in human respiratory system
Respiration produces adenosine triphosphate; this acts as a store of chemical energy and is
able to be released whenever it is needed by the cell. There are four stages of respiration,
these are:
1. Glycolysis
2. Link reaction
3. Krebs cycle
4. Oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis is the only process that involves in anaerobic respiration. Link reaction, Krebs
cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are all aerobic respiration.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm .Firstly, a phosphate group is added to glucose. This
produces glucose phosphate. The phosphate group that is released by the hydrolysis of ATP
phosphorylases the glucose. To help this reaction, a catalyst called hexokinase is involved.
The atom in the glucose phosphate move positions and causes the molecule to transform
from glucose phosphate into fructose phosphate. The enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase
catalyses the change in atom arrangement. This catalyst is an isomer. Isomers are
molecules with the same atoms, however are arranged differently. Another phosphate group
is released due to another ATP molecule becoming hydrolysed. This released phosphate
group is added to the fructose phosphate. Resulting in the molecule being now called
fructose bisphosphate. The enzyme phosphofructokinase catalyses this reaction. The new
molecule fructose bisphosphate is split into two molecules of glyceraldehyde
