PHILOSOPHY 208 QUIZ 2

PHILOSOPHY 208 QUIZ 2 1. Question : Kant claims that a good will is: Student Answer: something that can only be called good with qualification. the only thing that can be called good without qualification. that which makes qualified goods like character traits morally good. both B and C. Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, pp. 5-6. - MultipleChoice 1 True 0 - MultipleChoice 1 Question 2 . Question : In the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals we find that to act on ‘duty’ is Student Answer: to act from a self-seeking purpose to act because you want to to act out of respect for law to act out of the fear of God Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, pp. 10-12. - MultipleChoice 4 True 0 - MultipleChoice 4 Question 3 . Question : According to Kant, persons: Student Answer: are rational beings. must always be regarded as an end. have absolute value. all of the above. Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, pp. 28-30. - MultipleChoice 8 False 0 - MultipleChoice 8 Question 4 . Question : Which would be an example of a hypothetical imperative, according to Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals: Student Answer: If I want to keep my customers, I should be honest with them. It would be nice if everyone respected each other. I ought never to make a promise that I don’t intend to keep. all of the above. Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, p. 19. - MultipleChoice 7 True 0 - MultipleChoice 7 Question 5 . Question : In Kant Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, the maxim of an act is: Student Answer: the policy or principle that you would be following if you did it. the expected overall utility resulting from the action. the moral rule that an act either respects or violates . all of the above. Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Question 6 . Question : Kant claims that the moral law is given to each person by: Student Answer: God’s commands. one’s own rational will. one’s natural desires. social conditioning. Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals pp. 10-12. - MultipleChoice 6 False 0 - MultipleChoice 6 Question 7 . Question : Thomas Nagel argues that all rules of engagement should be governed by the utilitarian principle that Student Answer: any means can be justified if it leads to a worthy end the greatest good can justify targeting noncombatants we are always justified in attacking the tyranny of the majority none of the above Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found on p.127 of Thomas Nagel’s article “War and Massacre” - MultipleChoice 19 True 0 - MultipleChoice 19 Question 8 . Question : Kant argues that we should never use people as a means: Student Answer: unless we are certain that it benefits the majority. unless we are certain that it is to their own long-term benefit. unless we are respecting their rational autonomy at the same time. for any purpose whatsoever. Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals pp. 28-30. - MultipleChoice 13 True 0 - MultipleChoice 13 Question 9 . Question : According to Thomas Nagel’s article, “War and Massacre,” the absolutist position that creates no problems of interpretation is Student Answer: rule utilitarianism act utilitarianism pacifism humanitarian intervention Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found on p.126 of Thomas Nagel’s article “War and Massacre” - MultipleChoice 18 True 0 - MultipleChoice 18 Question 10 . Question : In the article “War and Massacre,” Thomas Nagel argues that utilitarianism Student Answer: is primarily concerned with what should happen is primary concerned with what will happen is primarily concerned with theory over practice is primarily concerned with universal justice Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found on p.124 of Thomas Nagel’s article “War and Massacre” Question 11. Question : In the article “War and Massacre,” Thomas Nagel argues that moral absolutism Student Answer: is consistent with the principles of utilitarianism can be used to justify genocide is primarily concerned with what a person is doing is primarily concerned with the outcome of a person’s actions Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found on p.124 of Thomas Nagel’s article “War and Massacre” Question 12 . Question : Kant argues that when I find someone in need: Student Answer: I should give whatever spare resources I have unless it makes me worse off than the person I’m trying to help. I should consider a world in which no one helped me when I was in need, recognize that I could never will such a world, and help them in the best way that I can. I should sympathize with them, but recognize that the world is better off overall if we each only look after our own interests. I should remember that as autonomous beings they are Instructor Explanation: responsible for their own situation, and thus that I have no responsibility to help them out. The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals page 25. - MultipleChoice 15 True 0 - MultipleChoice 15 Question 13 . Question : Which one of these is not a way of expressing Kant’s Categorical Imperative? Student Answer: Act as if the maxim of your action were to become by your will a universal law. Act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means. Act so that the maxim of your action ensures the satisfaction of your desires. None of the above. Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. - MultipleChoice 12 True 0 - MultipleChoice 12 Question 14 . Question : According to Kant, suicide is: Student Answer: Moral if and only if one’s life becomes too burdensome. Moral if and only if it relieves other people’s burdens. Immoral because it involves treating one’s autonomous will merely as a means to the relief of suffering. Immoral because it condemns one to eternal damnation. Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals page 29. - MultipleChoice 14 True 0 - MultipleChoice 14 Question 15 . Question : Jeremy Waldron argues that the current use of drone warfare is unethical because Student Answer: it is conducted by unlawful combatants such as CIA personnel who are not subject to military ethics it is conducted by individuals who are thousands of miles removed from targets it may result in unintended civilian casualties all of the above Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in the video “Drones Are Not Ethical and Effective” Question 16 . Question : According to the video “Religion, War, and Violence,” proponents of Just War Theory agree that without the restraints of Just War Theory Student Answer: the violence and aggression of war would be worse humanitarian intervention would be more successful prisoners and noncombatants would have greater equality none of the above Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found between 1:20-1:28 in the video “Religion, War, and Violence” Question 17 . Question : According to the video “Religion, War, and Violence,” Just War Theory asserts that military intervention Student Answer: can be seen as an act of altruism must always have an altruistic component must be primarily an act of altruism must never have an altruistic component Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found between 1:20-1:28 in the video “Religion, War, and Violence” - MultipleChoice 24 True 0 - MultipleChoice 24 Question 18 . Question : Nagel argues that the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were just like what other kind of action, just on a larger scale? Student Answer: Killing the wife and child of someone attacking you in order to distract him from his attack. Bombing a munitions factory and killing some of the civilian workers inside. Firing at an enemy soldier and hitting an innocent bystander with a stray bullet. Bombing a convoy of enemy soldiers. Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found on p.138-139 of Thomas Nagel’s article “War and Massacre” - MultipleChoice 20 True 0 - MultipleChoice 20 Question 19 . Question : Michael Walzer argues that in the unique world of war, both morality and authority are Student Answer: radically contested established by rules of war established by neutral states none of the above Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found between minutes 35:00-45:00 of the video “What is Just War Theory?” Question 20 . Question : According to Nagel, which of the following may be permitted by absolutism, at least in some circumstances? Student Answer: Intentionally killing an innocent person Doing something that brings about an innocent person's death Dropping a nuclear bomb on an enemy city Torturing an innocent person Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in Thomas Nagel’s article “War and Massacre”