BIOD 121 PORTAGE LEARNING M1 EXAM Essentials in Nutrition 2022

BIOD 121 PORTAGE LEARNING M1 EXAM Essentials in Nutrition 2022 What is nutrition: Correct Answer: nutrition by definition is a science that links food to health and disease. It includes the processes that humans ingest, digest, absorb, transport, and excrete substances Nutrition spans all ages in which: Correct Answer: it impacts the time of birth to the time of death How pharmaceuticals and the food industry play into nutrition do: Correct Answer: through the different supplements we take, what we eat and why we eat as far as food safety, mass production, restaurants, manufacturers, media, and food labels Nutrition by definition is the science that links food to: Correct Answer: health and disease Good nutrition as well as exercise leads to: Correct Answer: good health Media plays a huge role into nutrition as far as: Correct Answer: marketing, fad diets, celebrities, etc. Nutrients can be classified as: Correct Answer: macro-nutrient, micro-nutrient, organic, and inorganic Macro-nutrient: Correct Answer: needed in large amounts in the body Micro-nutrients: Correct Answer: needed in small amounts in the body Organic: Correct Answer: a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen Inorganic: Correct Answer: any substance that doesn't contain carbon Mechanical energy: Correct Answer: perform muscular movements What are hormones: Correct Answer: they are compounds that are secreted into the bloodstream by different cells, and their goal is to act to control the function of another type of cell Ghrelin: Correct Answer: is produced by the stomach; its job is to travel to the brain, stimulate the hunger center, and deactivate the satiety center Leptin: Correct Answer: is produced by fat cells called adipose tissue; its job is to alert the brain, turn off the hunger center, and activate the satiety center' any time you’re eating your leptin levels should increase to tell you that your full Name the key hormone that causes hunger. Indicate where in the body its produced and the process by which it operates: Correct Answer: ghrelin; its produced by the stomach; its job is to travel the brain and stimulate the hunger center and deactivate the satiety center Two key hormones in the process of hunger and satiety are: Correct Answer: ghrelin and leptin Name the key hormone that causes satiety. Indicate where in the body its produced and the process by which it operates: Correct Answer: leptin; its produced by fat cells; its job is to alert the brain, turn off the hunger center, and activate satiety center There are different types of hormones related to hunger and satiety. Three major hormones for increasing hunger are: Correct Answer: ghrelin, endorphins, and neuropeptide Y Anytime you’re eating, your leptin levels should: Correct Answer: increase to tell you that your full What are the five dimensions to evaluate health: Correct Answer: physical health, intellectual health, emotional health, social health, and spiritual health What is physical health: Correct Answer: the ability for the body to perform daily functions for survival and its dependents on the nutrients that are available for the formation of bones, vitamins, minerals, and to make hormones What is intellectual health: Correct Answer: the cognitive ability to lean and adapt; the lack of certain nutrients can impair our intellectual health What is emotional health: Correct Answer: the ability to express or suppress emotions What is social health: Correct Answer: the ability to interact with others What is spiritual health: Correct Answer: the purpose for human existence and cultural practices The ability for the body to perform daily function for survival is what kind of health: Correct Answer: physical health The cognitive ability to learn and adapt is called what kind of health: Correct Answer: intellectual health The ability to suppress and express emotion is called what kind of health: Correct Answer: emotional health The ability to interact with others is called what kind of health: Correct Answer: social health The purpose of human existence and cultural practices is defined what kind of health Correct Answer: spiritual health What is the difference between food and nutrients: Correct Answer: food provides energy in the form of calories, a mixture of nutrients whereas nutrients are substances found in the foods that provide for the building and maintaining; they are regulators for metabolic processes and reactions Alcohol is a source of energy, however: Correct Answer: it is not considered an essential nutrient because aside from providing calories it has no other function How many kilo-calories does alcohol have: Correct Answer: 7 How many kilo-calories do proteins have: Correct Answer: 4 How many kilo-calories do fats have: Correct Answer: 9 How many kilo-calories do carbohydrates have: Correct Answer: 4 The food and nutrition board of the national academy of sciences provides guidelines of what percentage for each nutrient should compromise our diets, what is it for proteins: Correct Answer: 10-35% The food and nutrition board of the national academy of sciences provides guidelines of what percentage for each nutrient should compromise our diets, what it is for carbohydrates: Correct Answer: 45-65% The food and nutrition board of the national academy of sciences provides guidelines of what percentage for each nutrient should compromise our diets, what it is for fats: Correct Answer: 20-35% _________& of the body is made of water: Correct Answer: 60 Water soluble vitamins: Correct Answer: meaning they can dissolve in water such as vitamin B and C Fat-soluble vitamins: Correct Answer: meaning they can dissolve in fat such as vitamin A, D, E, and K The body uses the energy released from carbohydrates, protein, fat, and alcohol for various functions such as: Correct Answer: to build compounds, perform muscular movements, promote nerve transmissions, and maintain ion balance within cells Energy is the ability to work, The energy in food is chemical energy, but our body can convert this energy to: Correct Answer: electrical, mechanical, or heat energy. All body functions and actions require energy Why do we make the choices that we do regarding habits: Correct Answer: routines are tied down to our food choices; what you eat likely reflects eating habits learned from parents Nutrients in the food are vital to our wellbeing. they are used by our bodies to: Correct Answer: promote growth and development, for maintenance if tissue, cells and bone, for fuel to do metabolic work and for regulating body processes By definition nutrients are: Correct Answer: a mixture of chemicals in food that the body use to obtain energy, synthesize tissue, or regulate function In order to promote a healthy lifestyle, it is important to eat a variety of foods daily to meet our nutrient needs. Nutrition is a lifestyle factor that is key to developing and maintain: Correct Answer: optimal health We must get nutrients through as our body: Correct Answer: cannot make the nutrients or cannot make enough of nutrients to sustain a healthy life There are _______ essential nutrients needed for _______, _______, and ________. Correct Answer: 45; human growth, development, and maintenance If a nutrient is missing from the diet for a period of time: Correct Answer: a deficiency can occur which can have a negative impact on our health How many classes of nutrients are there: Correct Answer: 6 classes What are the 6 classes of nutrients: Correct Answer: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water There are 6 classes of nutrients. What are there general functions: Correct Answer: to provide energy/calories, regulate body processes, and contribute to cell and body structure, growth, and maintenance Concepts to a healthy diet: Correct Answer: variety, moderation, and balance Diet is referring to: Correct Answer: a style of eating that will meet your nutritional needs and be something that you practice for the rest of your life Essential in terms of nutrients means we have to get it from: Correct Answer: our deit and that our body can't manufacture it Essential nutrients satisfy three criteria: Correct Answer: 1. Has a specific biological function 2. Lack of that nutrient is going to lead to a decline or function 3. If you replace the deficient nutrient were permanent damage occurs it will restore normal function There are 45 nutrients broken into 6 classes. They are: Correct Answer: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water The nutrient that is often overlooked but most important is: Correct Answer: water Three largest classes of nutrients that are needed are: Correct Answer: carbs, proteins, and fats A persons nutritional status can be classified into one of three categories: Correct Answer: desirable, over, and under-nutrition Malnutrition is a general term that can refer to: Correct Answer: either over or under nutrition Desirable nutrient is achieved by: Correct Answer: eating a variety of foods which provide all the essential nutrients to support normal body functions Malnutrition can be related to: Correct Answer: 1. Inability to get food 2. Poor utilization of the nutrients 3. Diet that lacks certain vitamins, minerals, and nutrients 4. Poor food quality and/or excess quality A balanced diet and regular exercise can help reduce: Correct Answer: the risk of chronic disease Over-nutrition: Correct Answer: the excess consumption of calories, fats, saturated fats, and cholesterol which increase the risk for chronic disease What nutrients are organic: Correct Answer: carbs, protein, fats, vitamins The result of malnutrition is: Correct Answer: failing health, related to inadequate or abundant intake of one or more nutrients What nutrients help regulate body processes: Correct Answer: lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals, and water What nutrients provide structure: Correct Answer: lipids protein, minerals, and water There are 6 classes of nutrients. What supply's energy: Correct Answer: carbohydrates, proteins, fats There are 6 classes of nutrients. Name what are considered macro-nutrients: Correct Answer: carbohydrates, protein, fats The energy potential in a food is measured in the terms of: Correct Answer: kilo-calories The energy of a particular food is determined: Correct Answer: by the composition of a carbohydrate, protein, and fat in food Each nutrient yields a specific # of KCAL per gram Carb: Protein: Fats: Alcohol: Correct Answer: 4 4 9 7 How well a child grows, how one does in school, their athletic performance, and/or ability to grow without disease depends on: Correct Answer: nutrition There are five assessment categories that will provide you a complete picture of an individual’s health. He are known as the ABCDE's of health: Correct Answer: anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, dietary, and environmental Under-nutrition: Correct Answer: is when nutrient intake does not meet nutrient needs and overtime health begins to decline - as nutrient levels decline the bods metabolic processes begin to stop What other factors determine what and the quantity of food aside from hunger, appetite, and satiety: Correct Answer: the gastrointestinal tract, and hormones Explain the difference between hunger and appetite: Correct Answer: hunger is internal physiological feeling experienced by a negative sensation whereas appetite an external pleasurable psychological feeling What is appetite: Correct Answer: an external drive that encourages us to find and eat food; it’s a psychological response to the environment Name four types of forces that influence you’re eating habits and patterns. Give examples of how you experience each in your life: Correct Answer: 1. sensory - I love the taste of sweet plantains whereas my dad like then green, unripe, and starchy 2. Cognitive - I eat the most pizza during the football season due to commercials and text deals from papa johns 3. environmental - Being Haitian i was raised on a rice and beans diet 4. Health status - Being relatively healthy but still overweight I have to watch what I eat Four types of external forces that influence our eating habits: Correct Answer: sensory, cognitive, environmental, and health status How can the hypothalamus get damaged or destroyed: Correct Answer: from certain chemicals, trauma, surgery, or cancer What happens if a portion of the hypothalamus gets damaged or destroyed: Correct Answer: the regulation of hunger and satiety can be loss meaning the body will no longer receive signals to stop eating which can result to weight gain What is the hypothalamus job when it comes to hunger and satiety: Correct Answer: it is constantly processing signals in which if we have not eaten for a period of time the amount of nutrients in the blood begin to decline. This drop stimulates the feeding system in the hypothalamus which signals us to eat. When the nutrient blood levels begins to rise, the satiety center is then activated and our desire to continue to eat declines