7 Carbohydrates
and Glycobiology
© 2021 Macmillan
Learning
, Carbohydrates
• carbohydrates = aldehydes or ketones with at
least two hydroxyl groups, or substances that yield
such compounds on hydrolysis
• many carbohydrates have the empirical formula
(CH2O)n
, Classes of Carbohydrates
• monosaccharides = simple sugars, consist of a single
polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone unit
– example: D-glucose
• oligosaccharides = short chains of monosaccharide
units, or residues, joined by glycosidic bonds
, Classes of Carbohydrates,
Continued
• disaccharides = oligosaccharides with two
monosaccharide units
– example: sucrose (D-glucose and D-fructose)
• polysaccharides = sugar polymers with 10+
monosaccharide units
– examples: cellulose (linear), glycogen (branched)
and Glycobiology
© 2021 Macmillan
Learning
, Carbohydrates
• carbohydrates = aldehydes or ketones with at
least two hydroxyl groups, or substances that yield
such compounds on hydrolysis
• many carbohydrates have the empirical formula
(CH2O)n
, Classes of Carbohydrates
• monosaccharides = simple sugars, consist of a single
polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone unit
– example: D-glucose
• oligosaccharides = short chains of monosaccharide
units, or residues, joined by glycosidic bonds
, Classes of Carbohydrates,
Continued
• disaccharides = oligosaccharides with two
monosaccharide units
– example: sucrose (D-glucose and D-fructose)
• polysaccharides = sugar polymers with 10+
monosaccharide units
– examples: cellulose (linear), glycogen (branched)
