PHY-102 Atomic and Nuclear Physics Exercises (Marked Exam 100%)

PHY-102 Atomic and Nuclear Physics Exercises (Marked Exam 100%) Rank the following in order of increased size. A. Proton B. Nucleus C. Electron D. Atom Answer: from the smallest to the largest: C) electron; A) proton; B) nucleus; D) atom. 2. Match the following terms: 1. Mass number 2. Isotopes 3. Nitrogen 4. Atomic number A. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. B. The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. C. The name of the element with atomic number 7. D. Atoms with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons. Answer: 1B; 2D; 3C; 4A This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :30:21 GMT -05:00 2 3. Your friend says your body is made up of more than 99.9999% empty space. What do you think? Answer: It is true. There are large (in relation to the nucleus’ size) distances between the nucleus and its electrons (which form the atom’s electron cloud), and there are even larger distances between different atoms in material. These distances between particles are filled by nothing, so they are empty spaces. It is possible to also stress that extremely high-density matter (such as the matter of a neutron star), where the distance between atoms is much smaller than in materials which are common to us, is also extremely heavy, having the density of the order of 1017 kg/m3 , which can be compared to the approximate density of atomic nuclei; a teaspoon of such matter would weigh billions of tons (Swinburne University of Technology, n.d.). This is due to the fact that the distances present between the atoms of “normal” matter are nearly absent in a neutron star. Similarly, if human bodies were not made up predominantly of empty space, their mass would be comparable to the mass of a similar volume of material from a neutron star. 4. An isotope has 46 electrons, 60 neutrons, and 46 protons. Name the isotope. Answer: It is palladium-106 (Pd-106). 5. Find the approximate atomic mass of a water molecule (H2O). Give your answer in atomic mass units rounded to the nearest whole number. Answer: The atomic mass of H ≈ 1, the atomic mass of O ≈ 16. Therefore, the atomic mass of H2O is: (2×1) + (1×16) = 18. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :30:21 GMT -05:00 3 6. Find the approximate atomic mass of carbon dioxide. Give your answer in atomic mass units rounded to the nearest whole number. Answer: The atomic mass of C ≈ 12, the atomic mass of O ≈ 16. Therefore, the atomic mass of CO2 is: (1×12) + (2×16) = 44. 7. Consider chlorine-37.