Summary NR 283 Exam 3 Concept Review / NR283 Exam 3 Study Guide (New 2022./2023): Pathophysiology : Chamberlain College of Nursing

NR283 IPathophysiology IExam I3 IReview
Chapter I19 I Alterations Iof IHormonal I Regulation
- Addison’s Idisease I – I (A drenal I Insufficiency)-

- - I I A uto immune I diso rder I w here I body I creat es I antigens It hat I att ack I the I adrenal I glands

- - Idecrease I in I ho rmones Iin I adrenal I co rtex I such I as I co rtico stero id I and
I mineralo co rt icoid Isynthesis I and Ielevated I levels I of IA CTH I (loss I of Inegat ive I feedback).



- -Mo re I t hen I 90% I o f I adreno co rt ical I t issue I is I dest ro yed I causing I clinical I manifest atio ns.

- - I No I adrenal I glands I wo rking I resulting I in I hypo co rtiso lism I (lo w I levels Iof I co rt iso l)
I andIh ypo aldost eronism

- - I Clinical I M anifest at io ns: I Weakness, I fatigue I hypo tensio n, I hyperkalemia I (^K),
I hypo glycemia,Ie levated IA CTH, Iskin Ichanges I(hyperpigment ation I and I vit iligo) I may Ioccur




- Cushings ISyndrome- I caused I by Ichro nic Iexpo sure It o Iexcess Ico rtiso l I (t oo I much I st eroid).

- Co rtical I hyperfunctio n I (hyperco rt iso lism) I – ID OES I NOT I invo lve I the I pit uit ary I gland.

- Hypo kale mia I(decrease IK), Iincrease Iin INa+ Iresulting Iin I^BP, Ihyperglyce mia,
Imet abo lic Ia lka lo sis I (decrease I H+)



- Weight I gain I is I the I mo st I co mmo n I feature I and I result s I fro m I the I accumulation I o f I adipose
Itissue I in It he It runk, Ifacial, I and I cervical I areas I (t runcal I obesit y, I moon I face, I and I buffalo Ihump)



- Glucose I int o lerance I o ccurs I because I o f I co rtiso l-induced I insulin I resist ance I and
I increased Igluco neo genesis Iand Iglyco gen Ist o rage I by It he Iliver.

, - caused I by
Ieither

Iexcessive

Icortiso l-

likeImedicat
ionIs uch
as
Ipredniso ne Io r

a Itumo r It hat
Ieither

Ipro duces Io r

Iresults I in

Ithe Iproductio

n IofIexcessive
Ico rtiso l Iby

Ithe I adrenal

Iglands.


- Cases I due It o I a I pituit ary I adeno ma I are I kno wn I as ICushing's Idisease.




Acromegaly- I Hypersecretion I of I Growth I Hormone-
o A I d isord er Iin I ad u lts I in I wh ich Ithe I p itu it ary Igland Ipro duces Itoo I much Igr owth Ihor mon e

- Resu lts I fro m Icon tinuous Ie xpo sure Ito Ih igh Ile ve ls Io f I gro wth Ihor mon e I (GH) I and Iinsu lin -like I gro wth I factor
I1 I (IGF-1); Iit Ial mo st Ialways Iis Ic au se d Ib y Ia IGH Isec re t in g Ip itu it ar y Iad e no ma.




Alterations Ii nIAdrenal IFunction




-

Pheochromocytoma I- IChromaffin Icell ITumors
- A Ihor mone -secret ing I tu mor I (ben ign) I th at Ican Ioccur I in I the I adren al I glands I (neuro endocr ine Itu mo r
I of Ith e I medu lla Io f Ith e Iadren al I glands).


- adr en al I gland I r ele ases I hor mone s I th at I cau se I per siste nt I or I ep iso dic I high I b loo d I pre ssur e,
I head ache s, Id iap horesis, Ip alp it atio ns


- Symp at het ic I p ar aganglio mas I cau se I e xcessive I p roduct ion I of I nore pineph rine I and I e pinephr in e.

- Tu mor I re le ases I catecho lamine I (Ep i I & I N E) I e pisod ically I so I sympto ms I occur I in I paro xysmal I (co me I and I go )

- Catecho lamine Ib re akdo wn It o I met ab olit es I th at I ar e Itested I in Iur in e:

- VM A I & IHVA Ithe I VM A I wit h I be Iincreased .