MENTAL HEALTH EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
• Theorists:
o Freud
▪ Id—Primitive, pleasure seeking part of our personalities
that lurk in the unconscious mind.
▪ Ego- Send of self and acts an intermediary between the id
and the world by using ego defense mechanisms, such as
repression, denial and rationalization.
▪ Superego-Assigned to those who process that freud
referred to as our conscience and is greatly influenced by
our parents’, caregivers’ moral and ethical stances.
(unconscious)
o Maslow
▪ Maslows Hierarchy:
o Physiological- basic needs, food, oxygen, water, sleep,
sex and constant body temp. If all needs were deprived
this would take priority.
o Safety- security, protection, freedom from fear, anxiety
and chaos, law and order and limits. Once physiological
are met this is priority.
o Belonging/low- intimate relationships, love, affection
and belonging and work to overcome loneliness and
alienation. Family and identifiable group are
important!!
o Esteem- high self regard and have it reflected from
others. Feel confident, valued and valuable.
o Self actualization—According to maslow we are
hardwired to become everything we are capeable of
being. Life fulfillment.
o Erikson
▪ Infancy- birth to 18 months--egocentric
• Trust VS Mistrust
o Task- Develop a basic sense of trust that leds
to hope.
▪ Early childhood 18 months to 3 years-
, • Autonomy VS shame/doubt
o Task: gain self control of and independence
within the environment.
▪ Play 3-6yrs
• Initiative vs guilt
o Task- achieve sense of purpose and develop a
sense of mastery over tasks.
▪ School age—6-12 years
• Industry vs inferiority
o Task-gain a sense of self confidence and
recognition through learning, competing, and
performing successfully.
• Neurotransmitters and disorders
o Dopamine
▪ Important for cognition, movement, and motivation.
▪ Controls emotional response and reward/pleasure center.
▪ Schizo- stays active longer—increase
▪ Parkinsons and depression--decrease
o Norepinepherine-
▪ Nonadgrenergic
▪ Low levels are low arousal and depression
▪ Blockage of alpha 1 receptor—blocks excessive
resposivness. Helpful in PTSD and nughtmares.
▪ Increase—mania, anxiety, schizo
▪ Decrease-- depression
o Serotonin
▪ Brain and spinal cord.
▪ Regulates mood, arousal, attention, behavior and body
temp.
▪ High serotonin- restless, shivering and diarrhea to muscle
rigitiy, fever and seizures
▪ Increase- anxiety states
▪ Decrease- depression
o GABA
▪ Balances dopamine.
▪ Skeletal movement, arousal, memory, sleep/wake cycle
▪ Alzheimer’s—deficient in GABA.
▪ Cholingergic
▪ Increase- reduction of anxiety
▪ Decrease- mania, anxiety, schizo
• Nurse/Client relationship
• Nursing Process
o Assessment
• Theorists:
o Freud
▪ Id—Primitive, pleasure seeking part of our personalities
that lurk in the unconscious mind.
▪ Ego- Send of self and acts an intermediary between the id
and the world by using ego defense mechanisms, such as
repression, denial and rationalization.
▪ Superego-Assigned to those who process that freud
referred to as our conscience and is greatly influenced by
our parents’, caregivers’ moral and ethical stances.
(unconscious)
o Maslow
▪ Maslows Hierarchy:
o Physiological- basic needs, food, oxygen, water, sleep,
sex and constant body temp. If all needs were deprived
this would take priority.
o Safety- security, protection, freedom from fear, anxiety
and chaos, law and order and limits. Once physiological
are met this is priority.
o Belonging/low- intimate relationships, love, affection
and belonging and work to overcome loneliness and
alienation. Family and identifiable group are
important!!
o Esteem- high self regard and have it reflected from
others. Feel confident, valued and valuable.
o Self actualization—According to maslow we are
hardwired to become everything we are capeable of
being. Life fulfillment.
o Erikson
▪ Infancy- birth to 18 months--egocentric
• Trust VS Mistrust
o Task- Develop a basic sense of trust that leds
to hope.
▪ Early childhood 18 months to 3 years-
, • Autonomy VS shame/doubt
o Task: gain self control of and independence
within the environment.
▪ Play 3-6yrs
• Initiative vs guilt
o Task- achieve sense of purpose and develop a
sense of mastery over tasks.
▪ School age—6-12 years
• Industry vs inferiority
o Task-gain a sense of self confidence and
recognition through learning, competing, and
performing successfully.
• Neurotransmitters and disorders
o Dopamine
▪ Important for cognition, movement, and motivation.
▪ Controls emotional response and reward/pleasure center.
▪ Schizo- stays active longer—increase
▪ Parkinsons and depression--decrease
o Norepinepherine-
▪ Nonadgrenergic
▪ Low levels are low arousal and depression
▪ Blockage of alpha 1 receptor—blocks excessive
resposivness. Helpful in PTSD and nughtmares.
▪ Increase—mania, anxiety, schizo
▪ Decrease-- depression
o Serotonin
▪ Brain and spinal cord.
▪ Regulates mood, arousal, attention, behavior and body
temp.
▪ High serotonin- restless, shivering and diarrhea to muscle
rigitiy, fever and seizures
▪ Increase- anxiety states
▪ Decrease- depression
o GABA
▪ Balances dopamine.
▪ Skeletal movement, arousal, memory, sleep/wake cycle
▪ Alzheimer’s—deficient in GABA.
▪ Cholingergic
▪ Increase- reduction of anxiety
▪ Decrease- mania, anxiety, schizo
• Nurse/Client relationship
• Nursing Process
o Assessment
