Summary CIE A Level Biology C12 Energy and Respiration

INTRODUCTION -




( 61-11206+60 , >
6102+61-120+32 ATP



living organisms need
energy for vs
:



-



anabolic reactions
active transport autotroph heterotroph
-




-



cellular mechanical work synthesizes own
ingests

°M0lrganim
maintaining body temperature
-




Ayp

adenine p p p
synthesized by glycolysis
/ substrate level phosphorylation
:




Krebs cycle
ribose
-
adenosine
electron transport chain oxidative phosphorylation

universal easily hydrolysed 1 releases 30.5k ] of energy per mole )
energy currency
-
-




found in all provides immediate of energy for cellular processes
organisms source
-
-




small water-soluble
in size ,
easy to diffuse
- -




PHOSPHORYLATION -




Substrate level -




phosphorylation
ATP synthesis by direct transfer of phosphate
-




Enzyme

group from a substrate to a ADP molecule



Substrate Product


Oxidative phosphorylation
cytoplasm -



the use of Oz to oxidise electron carriers to
intermembrane
space generate ATP
( cristae )
-


occurs at the inner membrane of the mitochondrion ,



which is impermeable to ions and polar molecules


matrix




Chemi osmosis
the movement of ions across a semi -




permeable membrane down their electrochemical gradient
mechanism :




proton pump pumps H+ into the
intermembrane space
ions

H+ ion concentration in the intermembrane space increases
Ht ions diffuse into the mitochondrial matrix down a concentration gradient through ATP synthase 1 channel
protein ) via facilitated diffusion