Chapter 01: Anatomy and Physiology
Aehlert: ECGs Made Easy, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The apex of the heart is formed by the _____.
a. tip of the left ventricle
b. tip of the right atrium
c. right atrium and right ventricle
d. left atrium and left ventricle
ANS: A
The heart’s apex, or lower portion, is formed by the tip of the left ventricle. The apex lies just above th
fifth and sixth ribs, in the midclavicular line.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
2. The left atrium receives blood from the _____.
a. pulmonary veins
b. aorta
c. pulmonary arteries
d. inferior vena cava
ANS: A
The left atrium receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs via the right and left pulmonary veins
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
3. The anterior surface of the heart consists primarily of the _____.
a. left atrium
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle
d. right ventricle
ANS: D
The front (anterior) surface of the heart lies behind the sternum and costal cartilages. It is formed by po
and the left and right ventricles. However, because the heart is tilted slightly toward the left in the ches
area of the heart that lies most directly behind the sternum.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
4. Blood pressure is determined by _____ multiplied by _____.
a. stroke volume; heart rate
b. heart rate; cardiac output
c. cardiac output; peripheral vascular resistance
d. stroke volume; peripheral vascular resistance
ANS: C
Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance.
OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.
5. The right atrium receives venous blood from the head, neck, and thorax via the _____, from the remain
_____, and from the heart via the _____.
a. coronary sinus; superior vena cava; inferior vena cava
b. superior vena cava; coronary sinus; inferior vena cava
c. inferior vena cava; superior vena cava; coronary sinus
d. superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus
ANS: D
, 7. Stimulation of alpha1 receptors results in _____.
a. increased heart rate
b. peripheral vasoconstriction
c. constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
d. increased force of myocardial contraction
ANS: B
Alpha1 receptors are found in the eyes, blood vessels, bladder, and male reproductive organs. Stimulat
results in constriction.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
8. Which side of the heart is a low-pressure system that pumps venous blood to the lungs?
a. Left
b. Right
ANS: B
The job of the right side of the heart is to pump unoxygenated blood to and through the lungs to the lef
called the pulmonary circulation. The right side of the heart is a low-pressure system.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
9. Which side of the heart is a high-pressure system that pumps arterial blood to the systemic circulation?
a. Left
b. Right
ANS: A
The left side of the heart is a high-pressure pump. The job of the left heart is to receive oxygenated blo
rest of the body. This is called the systemic circulation. The left ventricle is a high-pressure chamber. I
the right ventricle (the right ventricle is 3 to 5 mm thick; the left ventricle is 13 to 15 mm thick). This i
must overcome a lot of pressure and resistance from the arteries and contract forcefully in order to pum
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
10. The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular muscle fibers
the _____.
a. epicardium
b. pericardium
c. myocardium
d. endocardium
ANS: C
The myocardium (middle layer) is a thick, muscular layer that consists of cardiac muscle fibers (cells)
action of the heart.
OBJ: Describe the structure and function of the coverings of the heart.
11. Blood flows from the right atrium through the _____ valve into the right ventricle.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANS: D
Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the systemic c
12. Rapid ejection of blood from the ventricular chambers of the heart occurs because the _____ and ____
a. pulmonic; aortic
b. tricuspid; mitral
Aehlert: ECGs Made Easy, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The apex of the heart is formed by the _____.
a. tip of the left ventricle
b. tip of the right atrium
c. right atrium and right ventricle
d. left atrium and left ventricle
ANS: A
The heart’s apex, or lower portion, is formed by the tip of the left ventricle. The apex lies just above th
fifth and sixth ribs, in the midclavicular line.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
2. The left atrium receives blood from the _____.
a. pulmonary veins
b. aorta
c. pulmonary arteries
d. inferior vena cava
ANS: A
The left atrium receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs via the right and left pulmonary veins
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
3. The anterior surface of the heart consists primarily of the _____.
a. left atrium
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle
d. right ventricle
ANS: D
The front (anterior) surface of the heart lies behind the sternum and costal cartilages. It is formed by po
and the left and right ventricles. However, because the heart is tilted slightly toward the left in the ches
area of the heart that lies most directly behind the sternum.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
4. Blood pressure is determined by _____ multiplied by _____.
a. stroke volume; heart rate
b. heart rate; cardiac output
c. cardiac output; peripheral vascular resistance
d. stroke volume; peripheral vascular resistance
ANS: C
Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance.
OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.
5. The right atrium receives venous blood from the head, neck, and thorax via the _____, from the remain
_____, and from the heart via the _____.
a. coronary sinus; superior vena cava; inferior vena cava
b. superior vena cava; coronary sinus; inferior vena cava
c. inferior vena cava; superior vena cava; coronary sinus
d. superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus
ANS: D
, 7. Stimulation of alpha1 receptors results in _____.
a. increased heart rate
b. peripheral vasoconstriction
c. constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
d. increased force of myocardial contraction
ANS: B
Alpha1 receptors are found in the eyes, blood vessels, bladder, and male reproductive organs. Stimulat
results in constriction.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
8. Which side of the heart is a low-pressure system that pumps venous blood to the lungs?
a. Left
b. Right
ANS: B
The job of the right side of the heart is to pump unoxygenated blood to and through the lungs to the lef
called the pulmonary circulation. The right side of the heart is a low-pressure system.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
9. Which side of the heart is a high-pressure system that pumps arterial blood to the systemic circulation?
a. Left
b. Right
ANS: A
The left side of the heart is a high-pressure pump. The job of the left heart is to receive oxygenated blo
rest of the body. This is called the systemic circulation. The left ventricle is a high-pressure chamber. I
the right ventricle (the right ventricle is 3 to 5 mm thick; the left ventricle is 13 to 15 mm thick). This i
must overcome a lot of pressure and resistance from the arteries and contract forcefully in order to pum
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
10. The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular muscle fibers
the _____.
a. epicardium
b. pericardium
c. myocardium
d. endocardium
ANS: C
The myocardium (middle layer) is a thick, muscular layer that consists of cardiac muscle fibers (cells)
action of the heart.
OBJ: Describe the structure and function of the coverings of the heart.
11. Blood flows from the right atrium through the _____ valve into the right ventricle.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANS: D
Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the systemic c
12. Rapid ejection of blood from the ventricular chambers of the heart occurs because the _____ and ____
a. pulmonic; aortic
b. tricuspid; mitral
