Chapter 1: An Overview of Immunology
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The “father” of immunology is generally considered to be:
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is considered to be the “father of immunology.”
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 2
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the:
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans.
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 2
3. A specific function of the immune system is to:
a. recognize self from nonself.
b. defend the body against nonself.
c. amplify specific functions.
d. both a and b.
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body
against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has
nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific
components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear
leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is:
a. natural resistance.
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases.
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
d. recovery from infectious disease.
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause
many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a
transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3
5. The first line of defense against infection is:
a. unbroken skin or mucous membranes.
b. phagocytosis.
c. antibody production.
d. antigen recognition.
ANS: A
The first line of defense, or first barrier to infection, is unbroken skin and mucosal membrane
surfaces.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3
6. If microorganisms penetrate the first line of defense, a second line of _______________ forms
defense mechanisms that become operational. a. cellular components
b. humoral components
c. secretions
d. both a and b
ANS: D
If a microorganism penetrates the skin or mucosal membranes, a second line of cellular and
humoral defense mechanisms becomes operational. Secretions are an important component in
the first line of defense against microbial invasion.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 4
7. A specific component of the adaptive immune system formed in response to antigenic
stimulation is:
a. complement.
b. immunoglobulin.
c. increased secretion of mucus.
d. enhanced phagocytosis.
ANS: B
If specific antibodies have been formed to antigenic stimulation, they are available to protect
the body against foreign substances. The recognition of foreign substances and subsequent
production of antibodies to these substances defines immunity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 4
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The “father” of immunology is generally considered to be:
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is considered to be the “father of immunology.”
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 2
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the:
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans.
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 2
3. A specific function of the immune system is to:
a. recognize self from nonself.
b. defend the body against nonself.
c. amplify specific functions.
d. both a and b.
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body
against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has
nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific
components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear
leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is:
a. natural resistance.
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases.
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
d. recovery from infectious disease.
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause
many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a
transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3
5. The first line of defense against infection is:
a. unbroken skin or mucous membranes.
b. phagocytosis.
c. antibody production.
d. antigen recognition.
ANS: A
The first line of defense, or first barrier to infection, is unbroken skin and mucosal membrane
surfaces.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3
6. If microorganisms penetrate the first line of defense, a second line of _______________ forms
defense mechanisms that become operational. a. cellular components
b. humoral components
c. secretions
d. both a and b
ANS: D
If a microorganism penetrates the skin or mucosal membranes, a second line of cellular and
humoral defense mechanisms becomes operational. Secretions are an important component in
the first line of defense against microbial invasion.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 4
7. A specific component of the adaptive immune system formed in response to antigenic
stimulation is:
a. complement.
b. immunoglobulin.
c. increased secretion of mucus.
d. enhanced phagocytosis.
ANS: B
If specific antibodies have been formed to antigenic stimulation, they are available to protect
the body against foreign substances. The recognition of foreign substances and subsequent
production of antibodies to these substances defines immunity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 4
