test-bank-for-neonatal-and-pediatric-respiratory-care-5th-edition-by-walsh

test-bank-for-neonatal-and-pediatric-respiratory-care-5th-edition-by-walsh 1.Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation of a capipassages? a. Pseudo glandular b. Saccular c. Alveolar d. Canalicular ANS: D The canalicular phase follows the pseudo glandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 to 26 weeks named because of the appearance of vascular channels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by formingthe air passages. During the pseudo glandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, ending with the terminal bronchio development, which takes place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the developmentalveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-exchanging surface area between the saccular stage and the alveolar stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weestage is represented by the establishment of alveoli. 2.Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will be present develop? e. 6 months f. 1 year g. 1.5 years h. 2 years ANS: C Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life. At 2 years alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years of age, males have more alveoli than do f multiplication ends, the alveoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed. 3.The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal stenosislung development did this problem develop? i. Embryonal j. Saccular k. Canalicular l. Alveolar ANS: A The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in development in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete develop characterized by an abnormally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli pseudo glandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematurely), severe resp expected because the inadequately developed airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactantII cells, give rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome. 4.Which of the following mechanisms are responsible for the possible association between oligohydramnios I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall III. Interference with fetal breathing IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid a. I and III only b. II and III only 6.Which of the following tests of the amniotic fluid have been shown to be sensitive indicators of lung maturity a. Levels of prednisone b. Levels of epidermal growth factor c. Levels of prostaglandins d. Levels of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine ANS: D Of clinical relevance during late gestation, analysis of amniotic fluid for the concentration of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol has been shown to be a sensitive indicator of the state of fetal lung maturity.