Hogeschool Rotterdam – LERO
Lerarenopleiding Engels VO/BVE
2021-2022
Linguistics 2
Exam prep
Samenvatting van: Nienke Raaijmakers
,Contents
List of abbreviations
I. General Linguistics
o Varieties of English
II. Grammar
o Tenses
o Conditionals
o Modals
o Passive
III. Syntax
o Functions
o Realisations
o Word classes
o Phrases and clauses
o Sentences: Simple, compound and complex
o Determiners and modifiers
o Relative clauses
IV. Phonetics
o Stress
o Weak, strong, and contracted forms
o Connected speech
o Elision and assimilation
o Rising and falling intonation
o Types of interference in sounds and voicing among Dutch learners of English
, List of abbreviations
Functions
S Subject Who/what + verb?
V Verb The action in the sentence: What is happening?
SC Subject complement What + V + S?
DO Direct object What + V + S?
IO Indirect object S + V + DO + to/for whom?
OC Object complement What + V + S + DO?
A Adverbial Why/When/Where/How?
Phrases
NP Noun Phrase Head of the phrase is a noun
VP Verb Phrase Head of the phrase is a verb
AdjP Adjective Phrase Head of the phrase is an adjective
AdvP Adverb Phrase Head of the phrase is an adverbial
PP Prepositional Phrase Head of the phrase is a preposition
Clauses
FC Finite Clause Clause with a finite verb in it
NFC Non-finite Clause Clause with a non-finite verb in it
Determiners
Def.art. Definite Article Introduces the Noun Phrase, no quality/characteristic of noun
Indef.art. Indefinite Article Introduces the Noun Phrase, no quality/characteristic of noun
Modifiers
PREM Premodifier Before noun, additional information
POM Postmodifier After noun, additional information
Lerarenopleiding Engels VO/BVE
2021-2022
Linguistics 2
Exam prep
Samenvatting van: Nienke Raaijmakers
,Contents
List of abbreviations
I. General Linguistics
o Varieties of English
II. Grammar
o Tenses
o Conditionals
o Modals
o Passive
III. Syntax
o Functions
o Realisations
o Word classes
o Phrases and clauses
o Sentences: Simple, compound and complex
o Determiners and modifiers
o Relative clauses
IV. Phonetics
o Stress
o Weak, strong, and contracted forms
o Connected speech
o Elision and assimilation
o Rising and falling intonation
o Types of interference in sounds and voicing among Dutch learners of English
, List of abbreviations
Functions
S Subject Who/what + verb?
V Verb The action in the sentence: What is happening?
SC Subject complement What + V + S?
DO Direct object What + V + S?
IO Indirect object S + V + DO + to/for whom?
OC Object complement What + V + S + DO?
A Adverbial Why/When/Where/How?
Phrases
NP Noun Phrase Head of the phrase is a noun
VP Verb Phrase Head of the phrase is a verb
AdjP Adjective Phrase Head of the phrase is an adjective
AdvP Adverb Phrase Head of the phrase is an adverbial
PP Prepositional Phrase Head of the phrase is a preposition
Clauses
FC Finite Clause Clause with a finite verb in it
NFC Non-finite Clause Clause with a non-finite verb in it
Determiners
Def.art. Definite Article Introduces the Noun Phrase, no quality/characteristic of noun
Indef.art. Indefinite Article Introduces the Noun Phrase, no quality/characteristic of noun
Modifiers
PREM Premodifier Before noun, additional information
POM Postmodifier After noun, additional information
