Exam (elaborations) NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam

Exam (elaborations) NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells? Selected Answer: Platele ts  Question 2 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Selected Answer: Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring.  Question 3 1 out of 1 points What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging? Selected Answer: Arterial stiffening  Question 4 0 out of 1 points People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle? Selected Answer: Dominan ce  Question 5 0 out of 1 points When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)  Question 6 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Selected Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam  Question 7 0 out of 1 points What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? Selected Answer: Bounding pulse felt on palpation  Question 8 1 out of 1 points What are tumor cell markers? Selected Answer: Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells  Question 9 0 out of 1 points Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack? Selected Answer: Bacteri a  Question 10 1 out of 1 points Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin? Selected Answer: Somatosta tin  Question 11 1 out of 1 points What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury  Question 12 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? Selected Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are a source of Answer: increased ammonia.  Question 13 1 out of 1 points Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by which mechanism? Selected Answer: Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli  Question 14 1 out of 1 points A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority? Selected Answer: Assist with a chest tube insertion.  Question 15 1 out of 1 points What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called? Selected Answer: Proximal convoluted tubules  Question 16 1 out of 1 points A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: Give the patient an antihistamine.  Question 17 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? Selected Answer: Ingest 1000 mg of calcium a day.  Question 18 1 out of 1 points Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic hormone  Question 19 1 out of 1 points The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason? Selected Answer: It depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart.  Question 20 1 out of 1 points What is one function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer  Question 21 1 out of 1 points When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA? Selected Answer: Kussmaul respirations  Question 22 1 out of 1 points Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone? Selected Answer: Increased retention of water  Question 23 0 out of 1 points The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate? Selected Answer: Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine  Question 24 1 out of 1 points What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction? Selected Answer: Low alveolar partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2)  Question 25 0 out of 1 points In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? Selected Answer: Woman who have smoked for more than 10 years  Question 26 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority? Selected Answer: Deep venous thrombosis  Question 27 0 out of 1 points What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability? Selected Answer: Down syndrome  Question 28 1 out of 1 points A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. The healthcare professional assesses the person for which of these? Selected Answer: Use of glucocorticoids  Question 29 1 out of 1 points What is the cause of functional dysphagia? Selected Neural or muscular disorders Answer:  Question 30 1 out of 1 points What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine? Selected Answer: Salivation decreases.  Question 31 1 out of 1 points Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? Selected Answer: Seconda ry  Question 32 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider? Selected Answer: Ventilatory pattern is regular and rhythmic.  Question 33 0 out of 1 points The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Selected Answer: Bacterial endotoxin  Question 34 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? Selected Answer: Anterior pituitary tumor  Question 35 0 out of 1 points Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in? Selected Answer: Decrease in repolarization  Question 36 0 out of 1 points Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion? Selected Answer: Has long-standing kidney disease from diabetes  Question 37 1 out of 1 points A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity.  Question 38 1 out of 1 points The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Selected Answer: Atri a  Question 39 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for hyperkalemia? Selected Answer: Renal failure  Question 40 1 out of 1 points What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora? Selected Answer: Metabolizing bile salts, estrogens, and lipids  Question 41 0 out of 1 points A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K + ) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na + ) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? Selected Answer: Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis.  Question 42 0 out of 1 points A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels.  Question 43 0 out of 1 points A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? Selected Answer: Ca ++: 12.9 mg/dL  Question 44 1 out of 1 points A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration  Question 45 1 out of 1 points Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen? Selected Answer: Foreignne ss  Question 46 1 out of 1 points Which renal change is found in older adults? Selected Answer: Decrease in the number of nephrons  Question 47 0 out of 1 points If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? Selected Answer: Show dramatic fluctuation, allowing the O 2 concentration to increase  Question 48 1 out of 1 points Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? Selected Answer: Glycolys is  Question 49 1 out of 1 points A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare professional monitor the patient for? Selected Answer: Hemosidero sis  Question 50 0 out of 1 points The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with decreased compliance? Selected Answer: Inability to diffuse oxygen  Question 51 1 out of 1 points What is one function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer  Question 52 0 out of 1 points Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of what? Selected Rapid response from Answer: IgA  Question 53 1 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.  Question 54 0 out of 1 points A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review? Selected Answer: Duodenal ulcers occur with greater frequency than other types of peptic ulcers.  Question 55 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this problem? Selected Answer: A prolonged ST interval  Question 56 1 out of 1 points How do free radicals cause cell damage? Selected Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane  Question 57 1 out of 1 points What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? Selected Answer: Increased capillary permeability  Question 58 0 out of 1 points A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis? Selected Answer: Autoimmune process with IgG attacking pancreatic acinar cells  Question 59 1 out of 1 points A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen