2024 ATI Pharmacology Exam Questions and Answers/Multiple choices.

Pharmacology exam1 ATI questions and answers/Multiple choices. A provider prescribes phenobarbital for a client who has a seizure disorder. The medication has a long half-life of 4 days. How many times per day should the nurse expect to administer this medication? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four a nurse educator is reviewing medication metabolism at an inservice presentation. which of the following factors should the educator include as a reason to administer medication dosages (select all that apply) A. Increased renal excretion B. Increased medication metabolizing enzymes C. Liver failure D. Peripheral vascular disease E. Concurrent use of medication the same pathway metabolizes A nurse is preparing to administer eyedrops to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply) Have the client lie on one side A. Ask the client to look up at the ceiling B. tell the client to blink when the drops enter the eye C. drop the medication into the clients conjunctival sac D. instruct the client to close the eye gently after installation The nurse is teaching a client about transdermal patches. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands? A. "I will clean the site with an alcohol swab before I apply the patch" B. "I will rotate the application site weekly" C. "I will apply the patch to an area of skin with no hair" D. "I will place the new patch on the side of the old patch" A nurse reviewing a clients medical record notes a new prescription For verifying the trough level of a clients medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Obtain a blood specimen immediately prior to administrating the next dose of medication B. Verify that the client has been taking the medication for 24 hours before obtaining a blood specimen C. Ask the client to provide a urine specimen after the next dose of medication D. Administer the medication and obtain a blood specimen 30 minutes later A nurse is preparing a clients medications. Which of the following actions should the nurse take in following legal practice guidelines? (select all that apply) A. Teach the client about the medication B. determine the dosage monitor for adverse effects C. lock compartments for controlled substances D. determine the clients insurance status A nurse is reviewing a clients prescribed medications. Which of the following situation presents a contraindication to medication administration? A. Client drink grapefruit juice, which could reduce a medication effectiveness B. The medication has orthostatic hypotension as an adverse effect C. A medication is approved for ages 12 and older, and the client is eight years old D. And anti-anxiety medication has an adverse effect of drowsiness is prescribed as a preoperative sedative A nurse is assessing a client before administering medications. Which of the following data should the nurse obtain? (select all that apply) A. Use of herbal products B. daily fluid intake ability to swallow C. previous surgical history D. allergies A nurse is working with a newly licensed nurse who is administering medications to clients. Which of the following actions should the nurse identify as an indication that a newly hired nurse understands medication error prevention? A. Taking all medications out of the unit those rappers before entering the clients room B. Checking the prescription when a single dose requires administration of multiple tablets C. Administering a medication then looking up the usual dose range D. Relying on another nurse to clarify a medication prescription A nurse is caring for a client experiencing IV extravasation. The facility requires the administration of an antidote for the prescribed IV solution. After stopping the IV infusion, which of the following actions should the nurse take first A. Remove the IV catheter B. Withdraw the solution from the IV access C. Administer the antidote to the vesicant D. Insert a new IV access in a different extremity A nurse is preparing to initiate IV therapy for an older adult client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? A. Use a disposable razor to remove excess hair B. Select the back of the client's hand to insert the IV catheter C. Distend the veins by using a blood pressure cuff D. Direct the client to raise their arm above the heart A nurse is assessing the IV catheter insertion site for a client receiving a nonvesicant solution and notes swelling at the site and decreased skin temperature. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply) A. Stop the infusion B. Start a new IV access distal to this site C. Apply a warm compress to the insertion site D. Elevate the client's arm E. Obtain a specimen for culture at the insertion site A nurse in a clinic is caring for a group of clients. The nurse should contact the provider about a potential contraindication to a medication for which of the following clients? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. A. A client at 8 weeks of gestation who asks for an influenza immunization. B. A client who takes prednisone and has a possible fungal infection. C. A client who has chronic liver disease and reports he is taking hydrocodone. D. A client who has peptic ulcer disease and takes sucralfate and tells the nurse she has started taking over-the-counter aluminum hydroxide. E. A client who has a prosthetic heart valve who takes warfarin and reports a suspected pregnancy. A nurse is preparing to administer an IM dose of penicillin to a client who has a new prescription. The client states she took penicillin 3 years ago and developed a rash. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing action? A. Administer the prescribed dose. B. Withhold the medication. C. Ask the provider to change the prescription to an oral form. D. Administer an oral antihistamine at the same time. A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client who has a new prescription for an antihypertensive medication. Which of the following is an appropriate statement by the nurse? A. "Be sure to limit your potassium intake while taking the medication." B. "You should check your blood pressure every 8 hr while taking this medication." C. "Your medication dosage will be increased if you develop tachycardia." D. "Change positions slowly when you move from sitting to standing." A nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes that the client experiences permanent extrapyramidal effects caused by a previous medication. The nurse recognizes that the medication affected the client's: A. cardiovascular system. B. immune system. C. central nervous system. D. gastrointestinal system. A nurse is caring for a client who is taking oral oxycodone. The client states he is also taking ibuprofen in three recommended doses daily. The interaction between these two medications will cause which of the following?A. A decrease in serum levels of ibuprofen, possibly leading to a need for increased doses of the medication. B. A decrease in serum levels of oxycodone, possibly leading to a need for increased doses of this medication. C. An increase in the expected therapeutic effect of both medications. D. An increase in expected adverse effects for both medications. A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a 4-month-old infant. Which of the following pharmacokinetic principles should the nurse consider when administering medications to this client? (select all that apply) A. infants have a more rapid gastric emptying time B. infants have immature liver function C. infants blood-brain barrier is poorly developed D. infants have an increased ability to absorb topical medications E. infants have an increased number of protein-binding sites A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing the medical record of a client who is pregnant and is at her first prenatal visit. Which of the following immunizations may the nurse administer safely to this client? A. Varicella vaccine B. Rubella vaccine C. Inactivated influenza vaccine D. Measles vaccine A nurse on a medical-surgical unit administers a hypnotic medication to an older adult client at 2100. The next morning, the client is drowsy and wants to sleep instead of eating breakfast. Which of the following factors may be responsible for the client's drowsiness? A. Reduced cardiac function B. Reduced hepatic function C. First-pass effect D. Delayed toxic effect A nurse in the post-anesthesia recovery unit is caring for a client who received a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent and has muscle weakness. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications? A. Neostigmine B. Naloxone C. Dantrolene D. Vecuronium A nurse is providing information to a client who has early Parkinson's disease and a new prescription for pramipexole. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects of this medication? A. Hallucinations B. Increased salivation C. Diarrhea D. Discoloration of urine A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for levodopa/carbidopa for Parkinson's disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Increase intake of protein-rich foods B. Expect muscle twitching to occur C. Take this medication with food D. Anticipate relief of manifestations within 24 hrs A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client who has absence seizures. The nurse should anticipate which of the following medications to the client? (select all that apply) A. Phenytoin B. Ethosuximide C. Gabapentin D. Carbamazepine E. Valproic acidF. Lamotrigine A nurse is reviewing a new prescription for oxcarbazepine with a female client who has partial seizures. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (select all that apply) A. "Use caution if given a prescription for a diuretic medication." B. "Consider using an alternate form of contraception if you are using oral contraceptives." C. "Chew gum to increase saliva production." D. "Avoid driving until you see how the medication affects you." E. "Notify your provider if you develop a skin rash." A nurse in the operating room is caring for a client who received a dose of Succinylcholine. During the operation, the client suddenly develops rigidity, and his body temperature begins to rise. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications? A. Neostigmine B. Naloxone C. Dantrolene D. Vecuronium A nurse in the post-anesthesia care unit is caring for a client who is experiencing malignant hyperthermia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (select all that apply). A. Place a cooling blanket on the client B. Administer oxygen at 100% C. Administer iced 0.9% sodium chloride D. Administer potassium chloride IV E. Monitor core body temperature A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for baclofen to treat muscle spasms. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? (select all that apply) A. "I will stop taking this medication right away if I develop dizziness." B. "I know the doctor will gradually increase my dose of this medication for a while." C. "I should increase fiber to prevent constipation from this medication." D. "I won't be able to drink alcohol while I'm taking this medication." E. "I should take this medication on an empty stomach each morning." A nurse is reviewing the health care record of a client who reports urinary incontinence and asks about a prescription for oxybutynin. The nurse should recognize that oxybutynin is contraindicated in the presence of which of the following conditions?A. Bursitis B. Sinusitis C. Depression D. Glaucoma A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for bethanechol to treat urinary retention. The nurse should recognize that which of the following findings is a manisfestation of muscanaric stimulation? A. Dry mouth B. Hypertension C. Excessive perspiration D. Fecal impaction A nurse is implementing a plan of care for a client who has an infected wound of the arm. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first? a. Administer antibiotic medication b. Obtain a culture of the wound c. Review WBC laboratory findings d. Apply a dressing to the wound a nurse is teaching a client who has manifestations of urinary tract infection. the nurse should instruct the Client that which of the following tests is needed to determine which micro organism is causing the infection? A. WBC count B. blood creatine C. Urine Culture D. Urine specific Gravity A nurse is teaching a group of nurses about anti-microbial therapy. The nurse should instruct the effective penetration of antibiotics can be impeded by which of the following conditions? (Select all that Apply) A. meningitis B. an infected abscess C. endocarditis D. pneumonia E. pyelonephritis A nurse is caring for a group of clients who are receiving antimicrobial therapy. Which of the following clients should the nurse plan to monitor for manifestations of antibiotic toxicity? A. Adolescent client who has a sinus infection. B. Older adult client who has prostatitis. C. New mother who has mastitis. D. Middle adult client who has a urinary tract infection. A charge nurse is teaching a group of nurses about the importance of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy. Which of the following information should the charge nurse include in the teaching? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. A. Administer prophylactic antimicrobial therapy to the client who suspects exposure to a sexually transmitted infection. B. Administer prophylactic antimicrobial therapy to the client who is having orthopedic surgery. C. Instruct a client about the need for prophylactic antimicrobial therapy before dental work if he has a prosthetic heart valve. D. Consult the provider for prophylactic antimicrobial therapy if the client has recurrent UTIs. E. Instruct a client to obtain prophylactic antimicrobial therapy immediately when he has an upper respiratory infection. A nurse in an outpatient facility is preparing to administer nafcillin (Unipen) IM to an adult client who has an infection. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? (Select all that apply.) A. Select a 25-gauge, ½-inch needle for the injection .B. Administer the medication deeply into the ventrogluteal muscle. C. Ask the client about allergy to penicillin before administering the medication. D. Monitor the client for 30 min following the injection.E. Tell the client to expect a temporary rash to occur following the injection. A nurse is preparing to administer cefotaxime (Claforan) IV to a client who has a severe infection and has been receiving cefotaxime for the past week. Which of the following findings indicates a potentially serious adverse reaction to this medication and should be reported to the provider? A. Diaphoresis B. Epistaxis C. Diarrhea D. Alopecia A nurse is taking a medication history for a hospitalized client who is to receive imipenem-cilastatin IV to treat an infection. Which of the following medications taken by the client places the client at risk for medication interaction? A. Regular insulin B. Furosemide C. Valproic acid D. Ferrous sulfate - A nurse is caring for a client in an acute care setting who was admitted with a cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)infection caused by a highly gram-negative bacteria. Which of the following cephalosporin IV antibiotics should the nurse expect to be effective in treating this infection? A. Cefaclor B. Cefazolin C. Cefepime D. Cephalexin - A nurse is preparing to administer penicillin V to a client who has a streptococcal infection. The client reports difficulty swallowing tablets and doesn't do well with liquid or chewable medications because of the taste, even with the nurse mixes the medication with food. The nurse should request a prescription for which of the following medications? A. fosfomycin B. amoxicillin C. nafcillin D. Cefaclor - A nurse is providing teaching to a client prescribed tetracycline to treat a GI infection caused by Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? a. "I will take this medication with a full glass of milk." b. "I will let my doctor know if I start having diarrhea." c. "I can stop taking this medication when I feel completely well." d. "I can take this medication just before bedtime." - A nurse is administering gentamicin by IV infusion at 09:00. The gentamicin will take 1 hour to infuse. When should the nurse plan for a peak serum level of gentamicin to be drawn? a. 10:00 b. 10:30 c. 11:00 d. 11:30 - A nurse is caring for a client who is starting a course of gentamicin IV for a serious respiratory infection. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor? (select all that apply) a. Drowsiness b. Hematuria c. Muscle weakness d. Difficulty swallowing e. Vertigo - A nurse is caring for a client who has subacute bacterial endocarditis and is being treated with several antibiotics, including IM streptomycin. For which of the following adverse effects of streptomycin should the nurse monitor for this client? a. Extremity paresthesias b. Urinary retention c. Severe constipation d. Complex partial seizures - A nurse is caring for a client who is being prepared for extensive colorectal surgery. Which of the following oral antibiotics should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client in order to suppress normal flora in the GI tract? a. Amikacin b. Gentamicin c. Neomycin d. Erythromycin - A nurse is reviewing a client's medication history and notes an allergy to sulfonamides. Which of the following medications are contraindicated due to this allergy? (select all that apply) a. Hydrochlorothiazide b. Metorprolol c. Acetaminophen d. Tolbutamide e. Furosemide - A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for nitrofurantoin. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (select all that apply) a. Observe for bruising on the skin b. Take the medication with milk or meals c. Expect brownish discoloration of urine d. Crush the medication if difficult to swallow e. Expect headaches and drowsiness - A nurse is planning discharge teaching for a female client who has a new prescription for sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? a. May take if pregnant b. Drink 1 liter of water each day c. Take the medication on an empty stomach d. Discontinue medication when symptoms subside - A nurse is planning to administer ciprofloxacin IV to a client who has cystitis. Which of the following is an appropriate action by the nurse? a. Administer a concentrated solution b. Infuse medication over 60 minutes c. Piggyback the solution onto existing IV medication tubing d. Choose a small peripheral vein for administration - A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus, pulmonary tuberculosis, and a new prescription for isoniazid. Which of the following supplements to the nurse expect to administer To prevent an adverse effect of INH? A. Ascorbic acid B. Pyridoxine C. Folic Acid D. Cyanocobalamin - a nurse is infusing intravenous amphotericin b to a client who has a systemic fungal infection. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestestations as an adverse effect of this medication? A. hypoglycemia B. Constipation C. Fever D. Hyperkalemia - a nurse is infusing intravenous amphotericin b to a client who has a systemic fungal infection. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following laboratory values? (Select all that apply) A. blood albumin B. blood amylase C. blood potassium D. Hematocrit E. blood creatine - A nurse is teaching a client who is beginning a course of metronidazole to treat an infection. For which of the following findings of an adverse effects of the nurse instruct the client as a priority to stop taking metronidazole and notify the provider? A. metallic taste B. Nausea C. ataxia D. dark colored urine - A nurse is teaching a client who has active tuberculosis about the treatment regimen. The client asks why 40 for medications are necessary. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "Four medications decrease the risk for severe allergic reaction" B. "Four medications reduce the chance that the bacteria will become resistant" C. "Four medications reduce the risk for adverse effects" D. "Four medications decrease the chance of having a positive tuberculin skin test" - A nurse working in an emergency dept. Is caring for a client who has benzodiazepine toxicity due to an overdose. Which actions is the nurses priority? A- administer flumazenil B- identify the clients level of orientation C- infuse iv fluids D- prepare the client for gastric lavage - A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for escitalopram for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? A- i should take the medication on an empty stomach B- i will follow a low-sodium diet while taking this med C- i need to discontinue this med slowly D- i should not crush this med before swallowing - A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for buspirone to treat anxiety. Which info should the nurse include? A- take this med on an empty stomach B- expect optimal therapeutic effects within 24hr C- take this med when needed for anxiety D- this med has a low risk for dependency - A nurse is teaching a client who obsessive compulsive disorder and has a new prescription for paroxetine which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. It can take several weeks before you feel like the medication is helping B. Take the medication just before bedtime to promote sleep C. you should take the medication when needed for obsessive urges D. Monitor for weight gain while taking this medication - A nurse is caring for a client who takes peroxidation to treat post dramatic stress disorder he reports that he grinds his teeth during the night the nurse should identify which of the following interventions to manage bruxism (select all that apply) A. Concurrent administration of buspirone B. administration of a different SSRI C. use of a mouth guard D. changing to a different class of anti-depressant medication E. increasing the dose of paroxetine - A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for phenalzine for the treatment of depression. which of the following indicates that the client has developed an adverse effect of this medication A. Orthostatic hypotension B. hearing loss C. gastrointestinal bleeding D. weight loss - A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for amitriptyline for treatment of depression which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching (select all that apply) A. Expect therapeutic effects in 24 to 48 hours B. discontinue the medication after a week of improved mood C. change position slowly to minimize dizziness D decrease dietary fiber intake to control diarrhea E. chew sugarless gum to prevent dry mouth - A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for fluoxetine for post dramatic stress disorder which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching A. You may have a decrease desire for intimacy while taking this medication B. you should take this medication at bedtime to help promote sleep C. you have fewer urinary adverse effects if you urinate just before taking this medication D. you will need to wear sunglasses when out doors due to the light sensitivity cause by this medication - A nurse is caring for a client who has depression and the new prescription for venaflaxine, for which of the following adverse effects to the nurse monitor this client (select all that apply) A. Cough B dizziness C. Decreased libido D alopecia E hypotension - A nurse is caring for a client who is been taking sertraline for the past two days which of the following assessment findings should alert the nurse to the possibility that the client is developing serotonin syndrome A. Bruising B. Fever C. Abdominal pain D. Rash - A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings and notes that the clients plasma lithium level is 2.1 MEQL which of the following is an appropriate action by the nurse A. Perform immediate gastric lavage B. prepare the client for hemodialysis C. administer an additional oral dose of lithium D request a stat repeat of the laboratory test - A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for lithium carbonate when teaching the client about ways to prevent lithium Toxicity the nurse should advise the client to do which of the following A. Avoid the use of acetaminophen for headaches B. restricted intakes of foods rich in sodium C. decreased fluid intake to less than 1500 ML daily D. limit aerobic activity in hot weather - A nurse is assessing a client who takes lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder the nurse should recognize which of the following findings as a possible indication of toxicity to this medication A. Severe hypertension B. course tremmors C. constipation D. muscle spasms - A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for valproic acid the nurse should instruct the client that while taking this medication he will need to have which of the following lab test completed periodically (select all apply) A. Thrombocytes count B. hematocrit C. amylase D liver function test E. potassium - A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a female client who has bipolar disorder and a new prescription for carbamazepine which of the following instructions to the nurse include in the teaching A. This medication can safely be taking during pregnancy B. Eliminate grapefruit juice from your diet C. You will need to have a complete blood count and carbamazepine levels drawn periodically D. Notify your provider if you develop a rash E. Avoid driving for the first few days after starting this medication - A nurse is teaching a client who has schizophrenia strategies to cope with anti-cholinergic effects of Fluphenazine which of the following should the nurse suggest to the client to minimize anti-cholereginic effects A. Take the medication in the morning to prevent insomnia B. Chew sugarless gum to moisten the mouth C. Used cooling measures to decrease fever D. Take an antacid to relieve nausea - A nurse is assessing a mail client who recently began taking haloperidol which of the following findings is the highest priority to report to the provider A. Shuffling gait B. Neck spasms C. Drowsiness D. sexual dysfunction - A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for clozapine. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching A. You should have a high carbohydrate snack between meals and at bedtime B. You are likely to develop hand tremors if you take this medication for a long period of time C. You may experience temporary numbness of your mouth and after each dose D. You should have your white blood cell count monitored every week - A nurse is providing teaching for mail client who has schizophrenia and is taking risperidone which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching A. Add extra snacks to your diet to prevent weight loss B. Notify the provider if you develop breast enlargement C. You may begin to have mild seizures while taking this med D. This medication is likely to increase your libido - A nurse is preparing to perform a follow-up assessment on a client who takes for chlorpromazine for the treatment of schizophrenia . The nurse should expect to find the greatest improvement in which of the following manifestations ( select all apply ) A. Disorganize speech B. Bizarre behavior C. Impaired social interactions D. Hallucinations E. Decreased motivation nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has a new prescription for desipramine the nurse should instruct the parents that which of the following adverse affects is the priority to report to the provider A. Constipation B. Suicidal thoughts C. Photophobia D. Dry mouth - A nurse is teaching an adolescent client who has a new prescription for clomipramine for OCD which of the following instructions should the nurse include to minimize an adverse effect to this medication A. Wear sunglasses went outdoors B. Check your temperature daily C. Take this medication in the morning D. Add extra calories to your diet - A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has a new prescription for Atomoxetine the nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse affects of this medication A. Kidney toxicity B. Liver damage C. Seizure activity D. Adrenal insufficiency - A nurse is teaching the parents of the school-age child about trans dermal methylphenidate which of the following instructions should the nurse include A. Apply one patch twice a day B. Leave the patch on for 9 hours C. Apply the patch to the child's wrist D. Used open tray within six months - A nurse is teaching a school-age child and his parents about a new prescription for Lisdexamfetamine, which of the following should the nurse include in teaching (select all that apply) A. And I am verse affect of this medication is CNS stimulation B. Administer the medication before bedtime C. Monitor blood pressure while taking this med D. Therapeutic effects of this med will take 1-3 weeks to fully develop E. This medication raises the levels of dopamine in the brain