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Summary

Summary Lewenswetenskappe Graad 11 (Via Afrika-handboek)

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Institution
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Schooljaar
200

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Uploaded on
January 6, 2022
File latest updated on
February 20, 2023
Number of pages
69
Written in
2022/2023
Type
Summary

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0

, Inhoudsopgawe
String 1 : Diversiteit, verandering en kontinuïteit ....................................................................... 2
Onderwerp 1 : Biodiversiteit en klassifikasie van mikroörganismes ............................................. 2
Onderwerp 2 : Plantbiodiversiteit en voortplanting ..................................................................... 12
Onderwerp 3 : Dierebiodiversiteit (ongewerweldes) ................................................................... 18
String 2 : Lewensprosesse by plante en diere .......................................................................... 30
Onderwerp 4 : Energietransformasie (fotosintese) ..................................................................... 30
Onderwerp 5 : Dierevoeding (soogdiere).................................................................................... 34
Onderwerp 6 : Energietransformasie (selrespirasie) .................................................................. 46
Onderwerp 7 : Gaswisseling....................................................................................................... 49
Onderwerp 8 : Uitskeiding by mense .......................................................................................... 50
String 3 : Omgewingstudies........................................................................................................ 54
Onderwerp 9 : Bevolkingsekologie ............................................................................................. 54
Onderwerp 10 : Uitwerking van mense op die omgewing .......................................................... 59




1

, String 1 : Diversiteit, verandering en kontinuiteit
ONDERWERP 1 : BIODIVERSITEIT EN KLASSIFIKASIE VAN MIKROÖRGANISMES

Woordelys
Term Definisie
Gedifferensieer Gespesialiseer om spesifieke werk te doen.
Uniek Verskillend van enigiets anders.
Gasheer Organisme waarin of waarop ’n parasiet leef.
Morfologies Te make met die buitenste struktuur van ’n organisme.
Humiditeit Warm, vogtige toestande.
Talrykste Die grootste hoeveelhede van byvoorbeeld mikrobes.
Stamme Verskillende soorte.
Hardnekkige Duur voort.
Voorkomende middels Voorkom siektes.
Intraveneuse Deur die are.
Organiese verbindings wat geneem word om die liggaam te help om
Steroïede
vinnig groter en sterker te word.
Lokaliseer Op ’n spesifieke plek hou.
Inhibeer Voorkom dat iets groei of gebeur.
Sinteties Word in ’n chemiese proses gemaak.
Weerstandig Beïnvloed nie meer nie.

Omskryf mikroörganismes
• Bacteria en archaea : alle prokariote (eensellig).
• Protiste en fungi : eukariote (eensellig en multisellulêr).
• Virusse : unieke parasiete.

Grootte van die mikrobes
• Nanometer (nm).
• Mikrometer (µm).
• Millimeter (mm).

Die virusse
Algemene eienskappe van virusse
• Virusse is ultramikroskopies en filtreerbaar.
• Virusse het nie ’n sellulêre struktuur nie (asellulêr).
• Virusse het nie metabolisme en respiratoriese ensieme nie.
• Virusse is infektiewe agense.
• Virusse is verpligte intersellulêre parasiete.




2

, Klassifikasie van virusse
• Siekte wat hulle veroorsaak.
• Soort organisme wat hulle infekteer.
• Soort buitenste bedekking wat hulle het.




Hoe virusse voortplant
Adsorpsie (aanhegting)
• ’n Spesifieke virus heg aan die oppervlak van ’n spesifieke bateriesel met behulp van
stertvesels.

Indringing
• Die nukleïensuur van die virus spuit homself in die bakteriesel in.

Kopiëring
• Die virusnukleïensuur neem beheer van die sel oor en dwing dit om nuwe virusdele te maak.

Saamvoeging
• Die virusdele word saamgevoeg om volwasse virusse te vorm (rypwording).

Lise
• Die bakteriesel liseer (bars oop) en stel virions vry wat ander selle kan besmet.

Die bakterieë
Algemene eienskappe van bakterieë
• Bakterieë is mikroskopies.
• Bakterieë is prokariote.
• Bakterieë is eensellige organismes.
• Bakterieë word in elke soort habitat aangetref.




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