BIOD 121 - Essentials in Nutrition Module 2 With Complete Solution

BIOD 121 - Essentials in Nutrition Module 2 Digestion: Correct answer- is the process of transforming food into basic nutrients that can be absorbed across the wall of the GI tract; once absorbed, the nutrients can be used to fuel our cells for growth, fight infection, and provide energy to our muscles and brain to perform daily activities The GI tract is a long hollow tube that begins: Correct answer- with the mouth and ends at the anus The innermost layer of the GI tract is known as the _______ or _______. This is made up of absorptive cells and glands. Correct answer- intestinal wall; mucosa Ulcers/Peptic ulcer: Correct answer- a sore that develops on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine The other layers of the GI tract are compromised of ________. There job is to: Correct answer- circular and longitudinal muscles; is to mix the food and move it along the GI tract What are the organs apart of the digestive process, but not apart of the GI tract: Correct answer- salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas There are six specific parts of the GI tract: Correct answer- the mouth, esophagus, stomach. small intestine, large intestine, and the rectum What role do organs play in the digestion system: Correct answer- to produce and secrete substances that aid in digestion In the digestive system,the breakdown of food into smaller units involves: Correct answer- chemical and mechanical processes There are 3 processes that the body can use to absorb nutrients from the GI tract into the blood or lymph system and eventually into the cells. What are they: Correct answer- passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport Passive diffusion: Correct answer- in which substances move easily in and out of the cells without the use of energy Facilitated diffusion: Correct answer- is a process in which special protein carriers are needed to help substances cross into or out of the cell/ No energy is required in this Active Transport: Correct answer- is when energy is needed to get the substance into or out of the cell Before food enters the mouth, the digestive process actually begins with a variety of stimulus. Name 5: Correct answer- 1. cognition - thoughts about food start the slow of saliva 2. sound - hearing a description of a meal 3. odor - the smell of the food stimulates your hunger response and aids in taste 4. appearance - seeing it 5. taste - how it feels when the food enters the mouth Where is the mouth on the GI tract and what is its function: Correct answer- it is the beginning of the GI tract; its function of the mouth is to alter the food particles to prepare them to be swallowed The tongue gives us the ability to taste. What are the five flavors that an be identified: Correct answer- sweet, salty, sour bitter, and umami The end by product of digestion in the mouth is known as a: Correct answer- bolus What is the esophagus and is its role: Correct answer- it is the tube that connects the throat with the stomach; its role is to transport food to the stomach During the swallowing process foods land on a flap of tissue called the __________. What is its role: Correct answer- epiglottis; it folds down over the trachea/windpipe during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea Without the epiglottis: Correct answer- food could accidentally enter the trachea and the result would be chocking What is the esophageal sphincter and where is it located: Correct answer- it is a circular muscle that closes once food moves through the stomach to prevent back flow of stomach contents unto the esophagus; it is located at the end of the esophagus The stomach has a _______ cup capacity and can hold food for _______ or longer, until it is ready to pass into the small intestine. Correct answer- 4; 2-3 hours What is the role of the stomach: Correct answer- to store, mix, dissolve, and continue digestion of food Pepsin: Correct answer- is an enzyme that breaks down proteins Gastric Lipase: Correct answer- an enzyme that begins fat digestion What is the purpose of digestion: Correct answer- in which the nutrients we consume in our food would never get to the cells in our body The mixing of the food particles with the acids and enzymes produces a substance called: Correct answer- chyme What is chyme: Correct answer- a very watery mixture that slowly empties from the stomach into the small intestine What is the pyloric sphincter and where is it located: Correct answer- it controls the release of chyme into the small intestine; it is located in the stomach What is gastrin and how is it produced: Correct answer- it is a hormone that stimulates the release of acids and enzymes. It is produced when we begin to think about eating foods as well as during the actual ingestion of food Gastrin plays a major role in: Correct answer- controlling the concentration of acid in the stomach The small intestine is approximately 10 feet long and connects the stomach to the large intestine. Most of the digestion and absorption of food occurs in it. How many sections are there and mane them: Correct answer- there are three sections. They are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum Duodenum photo: Correct answer- A Duodenum: Correct answer- the first portion of the small intestine is 10-12 inches long and wider than the remainder of the small intestine