Chapter 24. Drugs Used in Treating Infectious Diseases
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Factors that place a patient at risk of developing an antimicrobial-resistant organism
include:
1. Age over 50 years
2. School attendance
3. Travel within the U.S.
4. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials
____ 2. Infants and young children are at higher risk of developing antibiotic-resistant infections
due to:
1. Developmental differences in
pharmacokinetics of the antibiotics in children
2. The fact that children this age are more likely
to be in daycare and exposed to pathogens
from other children
3. Parents of young children insisting on
preventive antibiotics so they don’t miss work
when their child is sick
4. Immunosuppression from the multiple
vaccines they receive in the first 2 years of
life
____ 3. Providers should use an antibiogram when prescribing. An antibiogram is:
1. The other name for the Centers for Disease
Control guidelines for prescribing antibiotics
2. An algorithm used for prescribing antibiotics
for certain infections
,3. The reference also known as the Pink Book,
published by the Centers for Disease Control
4. A chart of the local resistance patterns to
antibiotics developed by laboratories
____ 4. There is often cross-sensitivity and cross-resistance between penicillins and
cephalosporins because:
1. Renal excretion is similar in both classes of
drugs.
2. When these drug classes are metabolized in
the liver they both produce resistant enzymes.
3. Both drug classes contain a beta-lactam ring
that is vulnerable to beta-lactamase-producing
organisms.
4. There is not an issue with cross-resistance
between the penicillins and cephalosporins.
____ 5. Jonathan has been diagnosed with strep throat and needs a prescription for an antibiotic.
He says the last time he had penicillin he developed a red, blotchy rash. An appropriate
antibiotic to prescribe would be:
1. Penicillin VK, because his rash does not
sound like a serious rash
2. Amoxicillin
3. Cefadroxil (Duricef)
4. Azithromycin
____ 6. Sarah is a 25-year-old female who is 8 weeks pregnant and has a urinary tract infection.
What would be the appropriate antibiotic to prescribe for her?
1. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
2. Amoxicillin (Trimox)
,3. Doxycycline
4. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Septra)
____ 7. Pong-tai is a 12-month-old child who is being treated with amoxicillin for acute otitis
media. His parents call the clinic and say he has developed diarrhea. The appropriate action
would be to:
1. Advise the parents that some diarrhea is
normal with amoxicillin and recommend
probiotics daily.
2. Change the antibiotic to one that is less of a
gastrointestinal irritant.
3. Order stool cultures for suspected viral
pathogens not treated by the amoxicillin.
4. Recommend increased fluids and fiber in his
diet.
____ 8. Lauren is a 13-year-old child who comes to clinic with a 4-day history of cough, low-
grade fever, and rhinorrhea. When she blows her nose or coughs the mucous is greenish-
yellow. The appropriate antibiotic to prescribe would be:
1. Amoxicillin
2. Amoxicillin/clavulanate
3. TMP/SMZ (Septra)
4. None
____ 9. Joanna had a small ventricle septal defect (VSD) repaired when she was 3 years old and
has no residual cardiac problems. She is now 28 and is requesting prophylactic antibiotics for
an upcoming dental visit. The appropriate antibiotic to prescribe according to current
American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines is:
1. None, no antibiotic is required for dental
procedures
2. Amoxicillin 2 grams 1 hour before the
, procedure
3. Ampicillin 2 grams IM or IV 30 minutes
before the procedure
4. Azithromycin 1 gram 1 hour before the
procedure
____ 10. To prevent further development of antibacterial resistance it is recommended that
fluoroquinolones be reserved for treatment of:
1. Urinary tract infections in young women
2. Upper respiratory infections in adults
3. Skin and soft tissue infections in adults
4. Community-acquired pneumonia in patients
with comorbidities
____ 11. Fluoroquinolones have a Black Box Warning regarding ________ even months after
treatment.
1. Renal dysfunction
2. Hepatic toxicity
3. Tendon rupture
4. Development of glaucoma
____ 12. Janet was recently treated with clindamycin for an infection. She calls the advice nurse
because she is having frequent diarrhea that she thinks may have blood in it. What would be
the appropriate care for her?
1. Encourage increased fluids and fiber.
2. Assess her for pseudomembranous colitis.
3. Advise her to eat yogurt daily to help restore
her gut bacteria.
4. Start her on an antidiarrheal medication.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Factors that place a patient at risk of developing an antimicrobial-resistant organism
include:
1. Age over 50 years
2. School attendance
3. Travel within the U.S.
4. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials
____ 2. Infants and young children are at higher risk of developing antibiotic-resistant infections
due to:
1. Developmental differences in
pharmacokinetics of the antibiotics in children
2. The fact that children this age are more likely
to be in daycare and exposed to pathogens
from other children
3. Parents of young children insisting on
preventive antibiotics so they don’t miss work
when their child is sick
4. Immunosuppression from the multiple
vaccines they receive in the first 2 years of
life
____ 3. Providers should use an antibiogram when prescribing. An antibiogram is:
1. The other name for the Centers for Disease
Control guidelines for prescribing antibiotics
2. An algorithm used for prescribing antibiotics
for certain infections
,3. The reference also known as the Pink Book,
published by the Centers for Disease Control
4. A chart of the local resistance patterns to
antibiotics developed by laboratories
____ 4. There is often cross-sensitivity and cross-resistance between penicillins and
cephalosporins because:
1. Renal excretion is similar in both classes of
drugs.
2. When these drug classes are metabolized in
the liver they both produce resistant enzymes.
3. Both drug classes contain a beta-lactam ring
that is vulnerable to beta-lactamase-producing
organisms.
4. There is not an issue with cross-resistance
between the penicillins and cephalosporins.
____ 5. Jonathan has been diagnosed with strep throat and needs a prescription for an antibiotic.
He says the last time he had penicillin he developed a red, blotchy rash. An appropriate
antibiotic to prescribe would be:
1. Penicillin VK, because his rash does not
sound like a serious rash
2. Amoxicillin
3. Cefadroxil (Duricef)
4. Azithromycin
____ 6. Sarah is a 25-year-old female who is 8 weeks pregnant and has a urinary tract infection.
What would be the appropriate antibiotic to prescribe for her?
1. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
2. Amoxicillin (Trimox)
,3. Doxycycline
4. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Septra)
____ 7. Pong-tai is a 12-month-old child who is being treated with amoxicillin for acute otitis
media. His parents call the clinic and say he has developed diarrhea. The appropriate action
would be to:
1. Advise the parents that some diarrhea is
normal with amoxicillin and recommend
probiotics daily.
2. Change the antibiotic to one that is less of a
gastrointestinal irritant.
3. Order stool cultures for suspected viral
pathogens not treated by the amoxicillin.
4. Recommend increased fluids and fiber in his
diet.
____ 8. Lauren is a 13-year-old child who comes to clinic with a 4-day history of cough, low-
grade fever, and rhinorrhea. When she blows her nose or coughs the mucous is greenish-
yellow. The appropriate antibiotic to prescribe would be:
1. Amoxicillin
2. Amoxicillin/clavulanate
3. TMP/SMZ (Septra)
4. None
____ 9. Joanna had a small ventricle septal defect (VSD) repaired when she was 3 years old and
has no residual cardiac problems. She is now 28 and is requesting prophylactic antibiotics for
an upcoming dental visit. The appropriate antibiotic to prescribe according to current
American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines is:
1. None, no antibiotic is required for dental
procedures
2. Amoxicillin 2 grams 1 hour before the
, procedure
3. Ampicillin 2 grams IM or IV 30 minutes
before the procedure
4. Azithromycin 1 gram 1 hour before the
procedure
____ 10. To prevent further development of antibacterial resistance it is recommended that
fluoroquinolones be reserved for treatment of:
1. Urinary tract infections in young women
2. Upper respiratory infections in adults
3. Skin and soft tissue infections in adults
4. Community-acquired pneumonia in patients
with comorbidities
____ 11. Fluoroquinolones have a Black Box Warning regarding ________ even months after
treatment.
1. Renal dysfunction
2. Hepatic toxicity
3. Tendon rupture
4. Development of glaucoma
____ 12. Janet was recently treated with clindamycin for an infection. She calls the advice nurse
because she is having frequent diarrhea that she thinks may have blood in it. What would be
the appropriate care for her?
1. Encourage increased fluids and fiber.
2. Assess her for pseudomembranous colitis.
3. Advise her to eat yogurt daily to help restore
her gut bacteria.
4. Start her on an antidiarrheal medication.
