PHIL 347N Week 4 Journal

PHIL 347N Week 4 Journal WEEK 4 JOURNAL 1 Week 4 Journal Chamberlain. College of Nursing PHIL 347N May 2020 This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :20:41 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseHWEEK 4 JOURNAL 2 Interference The differing meanings of "valid inference" and "warranted inference" are closely related to the differing purposes of deductive and inductive arguments – the purpose of deductive being to prove; the purpose of inductive to make the conclusion most probable. According to Merriam Webster, the lexical definition of the word “valid” means “wellgrounded or justifiable- being at once relevant and meaningful.” It means acceptable, proper or correct. (Merriam-Webster, n.d.) The lexical definition for the word “warranted” means to guarantee something, to provide a guarantee of security, or to assure. (Merriam-Webster, n.d.) These words also have a certain connotation. They have other meanings that go beyond their lexical definitions; associated ideas and concepts. The key to understanding the difference of the terms “valid” and “warranted” is to characterize inductive and deductive reasoning. The term “valid” seems to have a positive connotation as it makes you feel as if something is reassured. When we hear the term “warranted” it is important to know that the facts may be possible, but they are not guaranteed. Fallacies In Section 8.2, the text states that there are "fallacious argument templates" and then gives a number of examples. The authors further state: "Analysis of the meanings of the terms used and the grammatical rules of the language reveal the source of error" The fallacy of Denying the Antecedent follows this invalid pattern: Premise #1 If A, then B. Premise #2 Not A. Conclusion: Therefore not B. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :20:41 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseHWEEK 4 JOURNAL 3 In this fallacy, the speaker is confusing the directionality of the logical relationships in their argument. (Facione, 2016) An example of this type of fallacy would be: If you ate toast this morning, you had breakfast. You did not eat toast this morning. Therefore, you did not eat breakfast. The antecedent is the “if” statement in the first premise. The second premise is denying the antecedent because it does not tell us that toast is the only food that one can eat for breakfast. Even if the two premises are true, the conclusion that you did not eat breakfast cannot be deduced just because you did not eat toast. In the argument template of denying the consequent, some see this as if something does not happen, the other thing relating will not happen either. Civic Responsibility At the end of Chapter 9 there is a Bonus Exercise that asks you to research and analyze the 2009 debate over the healthcare public option. If you were actually to complete that exercise, it would take quite a bit of time and effort. I think this exercise would be an absolute waste of time. The fact that this was a debate over ten years ago gives me enough of a formed opinion on this journal question. Why should we waste our time debating on a healthcare topic from a former administration’s healthcare act? The debate has been over for years and we have a new president with new laws and current healthcare for Americans in place. There are many current issues in nation that I believe are much more important and worthwhile. Some issues that I believe are worthwhile to debate are homeland security and sex trafficking. We hear about these topics daily and I think it is very important to stay current with events going on around our country. I believe if you are a citizen This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :20:41 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseHWEEK 4 JOURNAL 4 of the United States, then you have a duty to stay informed. I know I feel an obligation to watch the news and keep my mind right with TRUTHFUL events happening in the US. As a critical thinker, I am able to pick out key information that may or may not be truthful when forming my own opinion on matters. I do research and speak to others about specific issues. I think it is pertinent as a critical thinker to form your own judgment on current issues. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :20:41 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseHWEEK 4 JOURNAL 5 References (n.d.). Dictionary by Merriam-Webster: America's most-trusted online dictionary. Facione, P., Gittens, C. (2016). Think Critically. Third Edition This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :20:41 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseHWEEK 4 JOURNAL 6 This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :20:41 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseHWEEK 4 JOURNAL 7 This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :20:41 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseHWEEK 4 JOURNAL 8 This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :20:41 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH Powered by TCPDF ()