Anatomy and Physiology Revision

Anatomy and physiology for sport: Skeletal System
LO1 Know the structure and function of the skeleton


Content and assessment criteria
Structure:
• Bone structure
• Axial and appendicular skeleton
• Types of bone
• Structure of a long bone
• Location of major bones
Functions:
• Support; protection; attachment; movement; cell production (red blood cells); storage
(minerals).
Types of joints:
• Synarthrosis (fixed, fibrous)
• Amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable, cartilaginous)
• Diarthrosis (freely moveable, synovial); characteristics and movements
Types of synovial joint
Joint movements


The skeleton
What do you know about the skeleton?

• The framework that gives the body structure
• 206 bones
• Bones connect to form joints
• Ligaments connect bone to bone
• Cartilage covers the end of the bones
• Tendons attach muscle to bone


Functions of the skeleton

• Support - a bony support framework

• Attachment - muscles, tendons and ligaments.

• Movement - bones act as levers and muscles pull on bones

• Production - red and white blood cells

, • Protection – different structures protect vital organs

• Storage - minerals, e.g. calcium

Activity: What do you remember?
Name the skeletal structures that protect the following:
• Brain
• Spinal cord
• Reproductive organs
• Heart and lungs

The skeleton
Appendicular skeleton

• Pelvic girdle (Ilium, ischium, pubis)

• Shoulder girdle

• Bones of the arm and legs

Axial skeleton

• Skull

• Spine

• Ribcage

Activity
Label and locate the major bones of the body.