ACOS
2 types of papers
Empirical papers actually have research in them
Theory papers stop after creating prepositions, not actual testing.
Categories empirical academic paper
introduction
why the topic is interesting by discussing existing literature.
explains the exact problem statement
explains what kind of data and method used.
Theory
in-depth overview of existing literature with goal to create the best possible
research.
builds up to what will be tested (a model for example)
Method
answer why you used this kind of data and where it comes from. And why this
method.
answered by using existing literature.
Results
ship actual empirical outcomes. Through tables and graphs. Its important to have
a helicopter view, craft a good story around it.
Conclusions and discussion
answer the problem statement. And explaining unexpected results. And you have
implications for future research.
Clarifying the difference
Research paper = Research article A research paper is based on the analysis and interpretation of research study
Review paper A review paper generally summarizes the findings of existing literature to clarify
the current state of scholarly debate.
to form an idea about existing knowledge on a topic without read all.
Synthesis is to combine (compare, contrast) multiple sources (and we’ll cover the steps to
synthesize n in the writing module; critical steps are organization of all of your
sources, outlining your structure, write, revise, edit)
Summary you summarize the key points of findings of one source.
Summary is a compact version, focusing on the main points.
Abstract Abstract is a short description of the purpose of the writing and a general
specification of what the essence of the paper is
Annotation An annotation is a note, highlighting parts or comment in text and very helpful
write synthesis; if notes are managed well.
Google scholar Google scholar provides a more exhaustive list wrt conference papers.
Library database Libraries facilitate the public service to provide information about credible
documents such as articles.
Research methods
Snowball method: Look in a good fit article for relevant references the author used.
= Backwards
Citation searching: You look at articles who used your good-fit article
= Forward.
Systematic method: (combined) search terms in search engines.
• Expand (add search terms)
• Limit (exclude search terms)
• Filter (on year of publication). You can use several search techniques in the
systematic method
, From searching to finding
Develop search terms, refine by
• Field
• Quality
A journal
Citation
• Recency
Evaluate the papers on relevance based on their abstract
Research strategy steps:
Step 1 Identify search words
• Analyse your research topic or question:
o What are the main ideas?
o What concepts or theories have already been covered?
o Write down your main ideas, synonyms or related words
• Tips:
o If you are looking for specific types of research, you can use these search
words: Qualitative, quantitative, review
o Be mindful of UK and US spelling variations.
Step 2 Use your research words
Select databases you want to use. For example: Google Scholar, Web of Science,
Elsevier, JSTOR, WorldCat Discovery, PubMed.
Select range: For example: between 2000-2020. (First search no rate)
Search in particular fields: for example search in title, search topic, search author
Step 3 Connect your words
How to find results with one or How to find results with two How to exclude search words?
more search words? search words?
Use OR between words that • Use AND between words • Use NOT to exclude words that you don’t
mean the same thing. which represent the main want in your search results.
ideas in the question.
For example: For example: For example:
• Adolescent OR teenager • Adolescent AND education • (Adolescent OR teenager) NOT “young adult”
• Car OR automobile • Car AND brand
• Factory OR plant • Factory AND clothing • (Car OR automobile) NOT motorcycle
• (Factory OR plant) NOT industry
This search will find results with This search will find results • This search will exclude words you are not
either or both of the search words with both of the search words looking for
Broaden your result Narrow your result Narrow your result
Step 4 Use research tricks
Encapsulate Search for different Search for common Search for spelling Search terms within
your search word endings phrases variations within specific ranges of each
terms related terms other
Parentheses () Trunctation * Phrase searching “......” Wildcards ? Proximity w/#
The paren- The asterisk Double quotation marks allow you to search allows you to specify
theses symbol symbol (*) will help “” help you search for for spelling variations where your search
() will help you you search for common phrases and within the same or terms will appear in
encapsulate different word make your results more related terms relation to each other.
search terms. endings relevant.
(Adolescent Teen*teen, teens, “leadership style” will find Organi?ation will find Organization w/10
OR teenager) teenager, results with the words results with healthcare will search
teenagers leadership style together organization OR for organization within
2 types of papers
Empirical papers actually have research in them
Theory papers stop after creating prepositions, not actual testing.
Categories empirical academic paper
introduction
why the topic is interesting by discussing existing literature.
explains the exact problem statement
explains what kind of data and method used.
Theory
in-depth overview of existing literature with goal to create the best possible
research.
builds up to what will be tested (a model for example)
Method
answer why you used this kind of data and where it comes from. And why this
method.
answered by using existing literature.
Results
ship actual empirical outcomes. Through tables and graphs. Its important to have
a helicopter view, craft a good story around it.
Conclusions and discussion
answer the problem statement. And explaining unexpected results. And you have
implications for future research.
Clarifying the difference
Research paper = Research article A research paper is based on the analysis and interpretation of research study
Review paper A review paper generally summarizes the findings of existing literature to clarify
the current state of scholarly debate.
to form an idea about existing knowledge on a topic without read all.
Synthesis is to combine (compare, contrast) multiple sources (and we’ll cover the steps to
synthesize n in the writing module; critical steps are organization of all of your
sources, outlining your structure, write, revise, edit)
Summary you summarize the key points of findings of one source.
Summary is a compact version, focusing on the main points.
Abstract Abstract is a short description of the purpose of the writing and a general
specification of what the essence of the paper is
Annotation An annotation is a note, highlighting parts or comment in text and very helpful
write synthesis; if notes are managed well.
Google scholar Google scholar provides a more exhaustive list wrt conference papers.
Library database Libraries facilitate the public service to provide information about credible
documents such as articles.
Research methods
Snowball method: Look in a good fit article for relevant references the author used.
= Backwards
Citation searching: You look at articles who used your good-fit article
= Forward.
Systematic method: (combined) search terms in search engines.
• Expand (add search terms)
• Limit (exclude search terms)
• Filter (on year of publication). You can use several search techniques in the
systematic method
, From searching to finding
Develop search terms, refine by
• Field
• Quality
A journal
Citation
• Recency
Evaluate the papers on relevance based on their abstract
Research strategy steps:
Step 1 Identify search words
• Analyse your research topic or question:
o What are the main ideas?
o What concepts or theories have already been covered?
o Write down your main ideas, synonyms or related words
• Tips:
o If you are looking for specific types of research, you can use these search
words: Qualitative, quantitative, review
o Be mindful of UK and US spelling variations.
Step 2 Use your research words
Select databases you want to use. For example: Google Scholar, Web of Science,
Elsevier, JSTOR, WorldCat Discovery, PubMed.
Select range: For example: between 2000-2020. (First search no rate)
Search in particular fields: for example search in title, search topic, search author
Step 3 Connect your words
How to find results with one or How to find results with two How to exclude search words?
more search words? search words?
Use OR between words that • Use AND between words • Use NOT to exclude words that you don’t
mean the same thing. which represent the main want in your search results.
ideas in the question.
For example: For example: For example:
• Adolescent OR teenager • Adolescent AND education • (Adolescent OR teenager) NOT “young adult”
• Car OR automobile • Car AND brand
• Factory OR plant • Factory AND clothing • (Car OR automobile) NOT motorcycle
• (Factory OR plant) NOT industry
This search will find results with This search will find results • This search will exclude words you are not
either or both of the search words with both of the search words looking for
Broaden your result Narrow your result Narrow your result
Step 4 Use research tricks
Encapsulate Search for different Search for common Search for spelling Search terms within
your search word endings phrases variations within specific ranges of each
terms related terms other
Parentheses () Trunctation * Phrase searching “......” Wildcards ? Proximity w/#
The paren- The asterisk Double quotation marks allow you to search allows you to specify
theses symbol symbol (*) will help “” help you search for for spelling variations where your search
() will help you you search for common phrases and within the same or terms will appear in
encapsulate different word make your results more related terms relation to each other.
search terms. endings relevant.
(Adolescent Teen*teen, teens, “leadership style” will find Organi?ation will find Organization w/10
OR teenager) teenager, results with the words results with healthcare will search
teenagers leadership style together organization OR for organization within
