A Comprehensive Exam Study Guide Covering Chapter 24 on HIV and AIDS. Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2026/202

Chapter 24 - HIV and AIDS
1. How is the HIV virus transmitted among people?
a. aerosol
b. body fluids
c. casual touch
d. inanimate objects
e. animal vectors
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember
REFERENCES: Introduction

2. Where do most of the HIV positive people in the world live?
a. U.S.
b. Caribbean
c. Africa
d. Asia
e. Europe
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember
REFERENCES: Epidemiology

3. As of 2011, approximately how many people in the U.S. were living with HIV infection?
a. 1.35 million
b. 2.9 million
c. 4.22 million
d. 6.5 million
e. 8.25 million
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember
REFERENCES: Epidemiology

4. What is the term for a measure of the strength of antigen–antibody binding?
a. virulence
b. adaptability
c. antibody load
d. antigen load
e. avidity
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember
REFERENCES: Glossary

5. What is the name for the medications that interrupt the viral replication cycle by inhibiting fusion of the HIV virus to
the target cell?
a. retro meds
b. integrase strand transfer inhibitors
c. protease inhibitors
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,Chapter 24 - HIV and AIDS

d. fusion inhibitors
e. entry inhibitors
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember
REFERENCES: Glossary

6. What is the term for a change in a person’s antibody status from negative to positive?
a. phenotype conversion
b. seroconversion
c. reciprocity
d. serotransition
e. genotype transition
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember
REFERENCES: Glossary

7. What is unique about a retrovirus?
a. it infects host cells
b. it is highly virulent
c. it targets CD4 cells
d. it carries RNA rather than DNA
e. it carries DNA rather than RNA
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember
REFERENCES: Glossary

8. What symptom sometimes accompanies primary HIV infection?
a. a skin rash
b. a very high fever
c. a flu-like syndrome
d. a Candida infection
e. bloody diarrhea
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember
REFERENCES: Glossary

9. What are symptoms of lactic acidosis?
a. abdominal pain, vomiting, rapid breathing
b. high fever, sore throat, dehydration
c. headache, shallow breathing, chest pain
d. vomiting, diarrhea, hypertension
e. high fever, anorexia, hypotension
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember

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REFERENCES: Glossary

10. What kind of virus is HIV?
a. retrovirus
b. DNA virus
c. bacteriophage
d. rhabdovirus
e. coronavirus
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember
REFERENCES: Pathophysiology

11. How many genes does HIV contain?
a. 3
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
e. 9
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember
REFERENCES: Pathophysiology

12. Where do more than 60% of the body’s T lymphocytes reside?
a. liver
b. spleen
c. GI tract
d. lymph glands
e. bone marrow
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember
REFERENCES: Clinical Manifestations

13. Viral DNA is combined with the cell's own DNA by what enzyme?
a. transcriptase
b. RNA protease
c. receptorase
d. integrase
e. retroase
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s Remember
REFERENCES: Clinical Manifestations

14. What musculoskeletal symptom is relatively common with HIV infection?
a. osteoarthritis
b. myopathy
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