Chapter 13 - Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
1. The right atria and the right ventricle make up the right heart and pump blood to:
a. the left heart.
b. the pulmonary circulation.
c. the superior vena cava.
d. the aortic artery.
e. the inferior vena cava.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
2. The repeating contraction and relaxation of the heart is termed the:
a. ejection fraction.
b. end diastolic volume.
c. stroke volume.
d. cardiac output.
e. cardiac cycle.
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
3. Which best describes mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
a. The amount of end diastolic volume that is ejected from the heart by contraction of the left ventricle
b. The force exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels during the contraction of the ventricles
c. The resistance against which the ventricles must contract in order to eject blood into systemic circulation
d. The depolarization of the AV node that is carried into the ventricles by the atrioventricular bundle
e. The volume of blood ejected with each contraction of the left ventricle
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
4. Which condition has been a factor associated with primary hypertension?
a. Decreased secretion of vasopressin
b. Differences in genes that affect sodium retention
c. Increased levels of nitrous oxide in the bloodstream
d. Decreased production of angiotensinogen
e. Type 1 diabetes and diminished insulin production
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Hypertension
5. Which is an example of a loop diuretic used in the treatment of hypertension?
a. furosemide
b. hydrochlorothiazide
c. acetazolamide
d. spironolactone
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,Chapter 13 - Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
e. methazolamide
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: Hypertension
6. What best describes how ACE inhibitors work to control hypertension?
a. Decreasing blood volume by increasing urinary output
b. Blocking beta-receptors in the heart to decrease heart rate and cardiac output
c. Decreasing peripheral vascular resistance by interfering with the production of angiotensin II from angiotensin
I
d. Reducing stroke volume
e. Affecting the movement of calcium, which causes the blood vessels to relax
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply
REFERENCES: Hypertension
7. Which describes a recommendation for lifestyle changes that may be made to control hypertension?
a. Engage in 30 minutes of physical activity per week
b. Avoid alcohol completely
c. Consume no more than 3400 mg of sodium per day
d. Increase fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy in the diet
e. Maintain a BMI between 25 and 29.9
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply
REFERENCES: Nutrition Therapy for Hypertension
8. The DASH eating plan recommends daily servings of various foods, including:
a. 1-2 servings of vegetables daily.
b. 4-5 servings of fruits daily.
c. 4-5 servings of low-fat dairy products daily.
d. 4-5 servings of nuts and seeds daily.
e. 2-3 servings of sweets daily.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Nutrition Therapy for Hypertension
9. A dietitian is helping a client with determining sodium content of food to manage her hypertension. The label on a
product reads, “140 mg or less of sodium per serving.” This product would be classified as:
a. sodium free.
b. very low sodium.
c. low sodium.
d. unsalted.
e. high in sodium.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
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, Chapter 13 - Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
REFERENCES: Nutrition Therapy for Hypertension
10. During the development of atherosclerosis, as platelets adhere to the sub-endothelial surfaces, they begin to secrete
both adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and:
a. nitric oxide.
b. platelet-derived growth factor.
c. C-reactive protein.
d. plasminogen activator inhibitor.
e. thromboxane A2.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Atherosclerosis
11. The protein portion of the lipoprotein that provides structural integrity and allows for receptors to recognize the
lipoprotein particle is called:
a. a chylomicron.
b. an amino acid receptor.
c. bradykinin.
d. fibrinolytic factor.
e. an apolipoprotein.
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Atherosclerosis
12. A dietitian is reviewing the laboratory results of a client’s total cholesterol levels. The results are 210 mg/dL. These
results would be classified as:
a. desirable.
b. normal.
c. borderline high.
d. high.
e. excessive.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Atherosclerosis
13. The components of metabolic syndrome include elevated triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, insulin resistance,
elevated blood pressure, and:
a. abdominal obesity.
b. cerebral edema.
c. low exercise tolerance.
d. muscle tetany.
e. early-onset dementia.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Atherosclerosis
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1. The right atria and the right ventricle make up the right heart and pump blood to:
a. the left heart.
b. the pulmonary circulation.
c. the superior vena cava.
d. the aortic artery.
e. the inferior vena cava.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
2. The repeating contraction and relaxation of the heart is termed the:
a. ejection fraction.
b. end diastolic volume.
c. stroke volume.
d. cardiac output.
e. cardiac cycle.
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
3. Which best describes mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
a. The amount of end diastolic volume that is ejected from the heart by contraction of the left ventricle
b. The force exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels during the contraction of the ventricles
c. The resistance against which the ventricles must contract in order to eject blood into systemic circulation
d. The depolarization of the AV node that is carried into the ventricles by the atrioventricular bundle
e. The volume of blood ejected with each contraction of the left ventricle
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
4. Which condition has been a factor associated with primary hypertension?
a. Decreased secretion of vasopressin
b. Differences in genes that affect sodium retention
c. Increased levels of nitrous oxide in the bloodstream
d. Decreased production of angiotensinogen
e. Type 1 diabetes and diminished insulin production
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Hypertension
5. Which is an example of a loop diuretic used in the treatment of hypertension?
a. furosemide
b. hydrochlorothiazide
c. acetazolamide
d. spironolactone
Page 1
,Chapter 13 - Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
e. methazolamide
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: Hypertension
6. What best describes how ACE inhibitors work to control hypertension?
a. Decreasing blood volume by increasing urinary output
b. Blocking beta-receptors in the heart to decrease heart rate and cardiac output
c. Decreasing peripheral vascular resistance by interfering with the production of angiotensin II from angiotensin
I
d. Reducing stroke volume
e. Affecting the movement of calcium, which causes the blood vessels to relax
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply
REFERENCES: Hypertension
7. Which describes a recommendation for lifestyle changes that may be made to control hypertension?
a. Engage in 30 minutes of physical activity per week
b. Avoid alcohol completely
c. Consume no more than 3400 mg of sodium per day
d. Increase fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy in the diet
e. Maintain a BMI between 25 and 29.9
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply
REFERENCES: Nutrition Therapy for Hypertension
8. The DASH eating plan recommends daily servings of various foods, including:
a. 1-2 servings of vegetables daily.
b. 4-5 servings of fruits daily.
c. 4-5 servings of low-fat dairy products daily.
d. 4-5 servings of nuts and seeds daily.
e. 2-3 servings of sweets daily.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Nutrition Therapy for Hypertension
9. A dietitian is helping a client with determining sodium content of food to manage her hypertension. The label on a
product reads, “140 mg or less of sodium per serving.” This product would be classified as:
a. sodium free.
b. very low sodium.
c. low sodium.
d. unsalted.
e. high in sodium.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
Page 2
, Chapter 13 - Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
REFERENCES: Nutrition Therapy for Hypertension
10. During the development of atherosclerosis, as platelets adhere to the sub-endothelial surfaces, they begin to secrete
both adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and:
a. nitric oxide.
b. platelet-derived growth factor.
c. C-reactive protein.
d. plasminogen activator inhibitor.
e. thromboxane A2.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Atherosclerosis
11. The protein portion of the lipoprotein that provides structural integrity and allows for receptors to recognize the
lipoprotein particle is called:
a. a chylomicron.
b. an amino acid receptor.
c. bradykinin.
d. fibrinolytic factor.
e. an apolipoprotein.
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Atherosclerosis
12. A dietitian is reviewing the laboratory results of a client’s total cholesterol levels. The results are 210 mg/dL. These
results would be classified as:
a. desirable.
b. normal.
c. borderline high.
d. high.
e. excessive.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Atherosclerosis
13. The components of metabolic syndrome include elevated triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, insulin resistance,
elevated blood pressure, and:
a. abdominal obesity.
b. cerebral edema.
c. low exercise tolerance.
d. muscle tetany.
e. early-onset dementia.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: Atherosclerosis
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