PART 1: INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL
PART 2: ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS OUTCOMES ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
3. SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION SL.18 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
The method of least squares ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Application .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Statistical interference ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
The ANOVA table ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Application (toepassing) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Example from the pharmaceutical literature ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5
4. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SL.43 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Example acupunctuur ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Freq (cat.) vs verandering ernst (cont.) na 1 jaar, subpopulaties ........................................................................................................... 6
1-way ANOVA .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
SSTO, SS within (residual), SS between (model), F ............................................................................................................................... 6
Example ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Examples from the pharmaceutical literature .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5. M ULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION SL.65 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
2X continue 1x categorisch ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Example acupunctuur ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
The multiple linear regression model ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Application .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Interpretation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Graphical interpretation .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
6. POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION (NIET LINEAIR) SL. 103 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Example acupunctuur ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Interpretation of the results ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Remarks ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
7. INTERACTION (WISSELWERKING) SL.118 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Example acupunctuur ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Application .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Interpretation of results ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Verandering als functie van Pk1................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Verandering als functie van leeftijd ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
What about non-significant main effects? .............................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Remarks ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Example from the pharmaceutical literature .......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
8. M ULTIPLE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SL.138 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
1 continue en 2 categorische -> 2weg-ANOVA ......................................................................................................................................10
Example acupunctuur ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Application .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Interpretation of results ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Example from the pharmaceutical literature .......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
9. ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE (ANCOVA) SL.157 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
1x continu respons, 1 of meer covariaten/continu 1 of meer categorisch/factor ................................................................................11
Example acupunctuur ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Application .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Interpretation of results ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Example form the pharmaceutical literature .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
10. THE GENERAL LINEAR MODEL (GLM) SL.172................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Regressie, ANOVA, ANoCOVA + simple/multiple + interaction + polynomaal ..................................................................................12
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Example acupunctuur (verschillende cov. en factoren) ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
The generalized linear model ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
11. REGRESSION NOTATION OF A GENERAL LINEAR MODEL (GLM) SL.181......................................................................................................................................... 12
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Factor with two levels ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Factor with more than two levels.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
ANOCOVA model .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Example from the pharmaceutical literature .......................................................................................................................................................................... 13
12. MODEL DIAGNOSTICS SL.198 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Model assumptions.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
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PART 2: ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS OUTCOMES ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
3. SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION SL.18 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
The method of least squares ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Application .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Statistical interference ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
The ANOVA table ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Application (toepassing) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Example from the pharmaceutical literature ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5
4. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SL.43 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Example acupunctuur ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Freq (cat.) vs verandering ernst (cont.) na 1 jaar, subpopulaties ........................................................................................................... 6
1-way ANOVA .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
SSTO, SS within (residual), SS between (model), F ............................................................................................................................... 6
Example ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Examples from the pharmaceutical literature .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5. M ULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION SL.65 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
2X continue 1x categorisch ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Example acupunctuur ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
The multiple linear regression model ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Application .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Interpretation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Graphical interpretation .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
6. POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION (NIET LINEAIR) SL. 103 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Example acupunctuur ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Interpretation of the results ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Remarks ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
7. INTERACTION (WISSELWERKING) SL.118 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Example acupunctuur ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Application .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Interpretation of results ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Verandering als functie van Pk1................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Verandering als functie van leeftijd ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
What about non-significant main effects? .............................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Remarks ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Example from the pharmaceutical literature .......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
8. M ULTIPLE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SL.138 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
1 continue en 2 categorische -> 2weg-ANOVA ......................................................................................................................................10
Example acupunctuur ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Application .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Interpretation of results ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Example from the pharmaceutical literature .......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
9. ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE (ANCOVA) SL.157 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
1x continu respons, 1 of meer covariaten/continu 1 of meer categorisch/factor ................................................................................11
Example acupunctuur ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Application .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Interpretation of results ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Example form the pharmaceutical literature .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
10. THE GENERAL LINEAR MODEL (GLM) SL.172................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Regressie, ANOVA, ANoCOVA + simple/multiple + interaction + polynomaal ..................................................................................12
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Example acupunctuur (verschillende cov. en factoren) ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
The generalized linear model ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
11. REGRESSION NOTATION OF A GENERAL LINEAR MODEL (GLM) SL.181......................................................................................................................................... 12
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Factor with two levels ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Factor with more than two levels.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
ANOCOVA model .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Example from the pharmaceutical literature .......................................................................................................................................................................... 13
12. MODEL DIAGNOSTICS SL.198 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Model assumptions.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
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