ATI FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

1.) Hydrocele (member did not use template, no review questions received-this is all I got) Definition: an accumulation of fluid within the tunica vaginalis surrounding the testicle; it may also result from a patent processus vaginalis at birth and sometimes closes spontaneously within the first 1 to 2 years of life. Hydroceles are the most common cause of painless scrotal swelling.; in adults they are often the result of trauma, a hernia, testicular tumor, or torsion or a complication of epididymitis. Presenting Symptoms: Usually painless and may be present for long periods, partially resolve, and recur before the patient seeks medical attention. Gradual enlargement of the scrotum occurs with marked edema, which may be uncomfortable because of the added weight. A hydrocele may occur secondary to a tumor when excess serous fluid accumulates in the scrotal sac. It will transluminate but may make testicular palpation difficult. Leik Review: Hydrocele more common in infants. Serous fluid collects inside the tunica vaginalis. During scrotal exam, hydroceles are located superiorly and anterior to the testes Most hydroceles are asymptomatic. Will glow with transillumination. If new-onset hydrocele in an adult or enlarging hydrocele, order scrotal ultrasound and refer to urologist. Differential Diagnoses: Epididymitis, Testicular torsion, epididymal cyst Review questions: 1. A patient who has had a swollen, nontender scrotum for one week is found to have a mass within the tunica vaginalis that transilluminates readily. The family nurse practitioner suspects: a.) a hydrocele. b.) a varicocele. c.) an indirect inguinal hernia. d.) carcinoma of the testis.