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Samenvatting Hoofdstuk 5

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Samenvatting Hoofdstuk 5

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Mechanisme van katalyse
Indeling enzymen
 Enzymes worden ingedeeld in 6 klassen op basis van het soort reactie ze katalyseren

Klasse- Naam Type gekatalyseerde voorbeelden
numme reactie
r
1 Oxidoreductases Redoxreacties
(electronen
getransporteerd van
ene substraat naar
het andere)
2 Transferases Verplaatsen van
chemische groepen


3 Hydrolases Katalyse van
hydrolyses reacties
(transfer van
functionele groepen
naar water)
4 Lysases Katalyseren van
verbreken van
bindingen
C−C , C−O ,C−N
of andere bindingen
worden geëlimineerd
→ dubbele bindingen
of ringen worden
gevormd of groepen
worden aan dubbele
bindingen gehangen
5 Isomerases Intermoleculaire
herschikkingen


6 Ligases Condensatie reacties
koppelen
C−C , C−S , C−Oen C−N

,  Naamgeving gebeurt volgens regels van Enzym Commision of the Internayional Union of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)




o Bv:
o Systematische naamvorming mogelijk op basis van waargenomen chemische reactie
 Bv creatine kinase katalyseert de reactie van ATP naar ADP
 ATP+creatine → ADP+ creatinefosfaat
→ enzyme wordt ATP: creatine fosfotransferase

Co-enzymes, vitamines en metalen
Cofactoren = kleinere moleculen die enzymes helpen om hun functie uit te oefenen

 Organische factoren (= co-enzymes)
o Vaak afgeleid van vitaminen → belangrijk om vitaminen binnen te krijgen
o Bv: NAD+ (=nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
 Afkomstig van vitamin niacin
 In staat om 2 elektronen en 1 proton over te dragen
 Actieve site op het stikstofatoom terug te vinden




 Ook voorbeelden mogelijk waarbij NAD+ zich als een volwaardig co-enzymen
gedraagt en onveranderd blijft na de reactie
 Prosthetische groepen
o Covalent gebonden aan het enzyme
o Bv: biotine
 Lange arm aanwezig om makkelijk te zwaaien
 Actieve site op stikstofatoom
 Transfereert carboxylgroep




o Bv: FAD (= flavine adenine dinucleotide)

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