Chapter 08: Alterations in Immunity Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition

Chapter 08: Alterations in Immunity Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as: 2. When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs? . 3. A patient presents with 48 hours ago. This condition is an example of: 4. A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from: a. . 5. When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction, the nurse recognizes the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is: 6. Which information would indicate more teaching is needed regarding hypersensitivity reactions? Type hypersensitivity reactions involve an antibody response. 7. A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood. He reports that he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons’ cages. Testing reveals he is suffering from allergic alveolitis. Which of the following is he experiencing? 8. A nurse recalls that an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is: 9. When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of: 10. A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine color. Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present? 11. A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with SLE. Which of the following findings would be considered a symptom of this disease? 12. What is the chance that two siblings share both HLA haplotypes, making them a good match for an organ transplant from one to the other? a. When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes that anti- antibodies are present in the patient’s body. 13. In addition to matching ABO antigens, a blood transfusion must also be matched for: 14. A 15-year-old male suffers from severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident. He is given a blood transfusion, but shortly afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis. WhicNh UofRtSheIfNoGlloKwIinNgGCoOdMtype transfusion type matches would cause this? 15. A person is given an attenuated antigen as a vaccine. When the person asks what was given in the vaccine, how should the nurse respond? The antigen is: 16. A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and involuntary rapid muscular contraction. Laboratory testing reveals decreased calcium levels. Which of the following diagnosis is most likely? . 17. A 22 year old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accompany this virus? a. CD4+ T-helper b. CD8 T-helper c. CDC cells d. CDC10 cells ANS: A The major immunologic finding in AIDS is the striking decrease in the number of CD4+ T-helper cells. The change occurs in CD4 cells, not CD8. Neither CDC nor CDC 10 is a type of cell. 18. Which of the following is a cNhaUraRcSteIriNstGicKoIf tNhGe .huCmOaMn immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS? a. HIV only infects B cells. b. HIV is a retrovirus. c. Infection does not require a host cell receptor. d. After infection, cell death is immediate. ANS: B AIDS is an acquired dysfunction of the immune system caused by a retrovirus (HIV) that infects and destroys CD4+ lymphocytes (T-helper cells). HIV infection begins when a virion binds to CD4, not a B cell. Infection requires a host cell receptor. The cell remains dormant but does not die. 19. A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective? a. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors b. Protease inhibitors c. Entrance inhibitors d. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) ANS: D The current regimen for treatment of HIV infection is a combination of drugs, termed antiretroviral therapy (ART). The remaining options are individual components of the ART treatment format. 20. The nurse would correctly respond that the etiology of a congenital immune deficiency is due to a(n): a. negative response to an immunization. b. adverse response to a medication. c. renal failure. d. genetic defect. ANS: D A primary (congenital) immune deficiency is caused by a genetic defect. A primary (congenital) immune deficiency is not a response to an immunization, an adverse response to a medication, or due to renal failure. 21. An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the infant’s history and physical? a. The mother was exposed to measles. b. The father was exposed to Agent Orange. c. The baby is Rh positive. d. The baby was born 6 weeks prematurely. ANS: C Hemolytic disease of the newborn was most commonly caused by IgG anti-D alloantibody produced by Rh-negative mothers against erythrocytes of their Rh-positive fetuses. This disorder is not due to the mother’s exposure to measles, the father’s exposure to Agent Orange, or the baby’s prematurity. MULTIPLE RESPONSE NURSINGKING.COM 1. A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which symptoms are a result of a type II hypersensitivity? (Select all that apply.) a. Anemia b. Seizures c. Lymphopenia d. Facial rash e. Photosensitivity ANS: A, C The patient is experiencing type II hypersensitivity when experiencing anemia and lymphopenia. Seizures, facial rash, and photosensitivity are not associated with type II hypersensitivity reactions.